Table 1.
Protective effects and mechanisms of the resveratrol on different organs in oxidative stress-mediated reperfusion injury.
| Species/targets | Model of reperfusion injury | Effective dose | Effects and mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male Wistar rats rat/heart | Langendorff-perfused mode (ischemia 45 min, reperfusion 10 min). |
25 mg/kg (pretreatment 7 days, IP) |
MDA↓, CAT↓, peroxidase↑, and SOD↑ | [80] |
|
| ||||
| Spraque-Dawley rats/heart | Langendorff-perfused mode (ischemia 60 min, reperfusion 60 min) |
20 mg/kg (pretreatment 14 days intragastric tube), 10 μM (30 min before ischemia) |
MDA↓, LDH↓, carbonyl↓, and GSH↑ | [68] |
|
| ||||
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats/heart | Langendorff-perfused mode (ischemia 30 min, reperfusion 2 h) |
10 μM (30 min before ischemia, IV perfused) |
MDA↓ and infarct volume↓ | [49] |
|
| ||||
| Male Sprague Dawley rats/heart | Langendorff-perfused mode (ischemia 15 min, reperfusion 10 min). |
resveratrol 1–100 μM (pretreatment 7 days, IP) |
MDA↓ and no improvement in heart function | [82] |
|
| ||||
| Sprague-Dawley/Brain | Right middle cerebral artery occlusion (ischemia 30 min, reperfusion 5.5 h) |
0.1–1.0 μM (10 min before ischemia, IV) |
Activation of ER-α and ER-β and infarct volume ↓ | [23] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats/brain | Bilateral common carotid occlusion (occlusion 4 h) | 5–30 mg/kg (5 min before reperfusion, IP) |
MDA↓, MPO↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, ICAM-I↓, Catalase↑, SOD↑, and IL-10↑ | [99] |
|
| ||||
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats/brain | Middle cerebral artery occlusion. (occlusion 2 h) | 30 mg/kg (pretreatment 7 days, IP) |
Adesonine↑, inosine↑, hypoxanthine↓, and xanthine↓ | [92] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats/Brain | Bilateral common carotid occlusion (occlusion 10 min) | 30 mg/kg (pretreatment 7 days, IP) |
ROS↓, MDA↓, NO↓, and Na+K+-aTPase↓ | [61] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats/brain | Bilateral common carotid occlusion (occlusion 10 min) | 30 mg/kg (pretreatment 7 days, IP) |
COX-2↓ and iNOS↓ and NF-kB and JNK activation↓ | [100] |
|
| ||||
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats/brain | Middle cerebral artery occlusion (occlusion 30 min) | 15 and 30 mg/kg (pretreatment 7 days, IP) |
MDA↓, SOD↑, Nrf2↑, HO-1↑, and caspase-3↓ | [3] |
|
| ||||
| Mongolian gerbils/brain | Bilateral common carotid occlusion (occlusion 5 min) | 30 mg/kg (during occlusion, IP) |
Neuronal cell death↓ | [48] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats/Brain | Middle cerebral artery occlusion (occlusion 2 h) | 20 mg/kg (pretreatment 21 days, IP) |
MDA↓, GSH↑, and infarct volume and motor impairment↓ | [96] |
|
| ||||
| Male New Zealand white rabbits/spinal cord | Occlusion of the infrarenal aorta (ischemia 30 min) | 1–10 mg/kg (pretreatment 30 minutes, IV) |
MDA↓ and NO↑ | [101] |
|
| ||||
| Male New Zealand white rabbits/spinal cord | Abdominal aorta clamp (ischemia 30 minute) |
100 μg/kg (pretreatment 15 minutes before occluding, IV) |
MPO↓, MDA↓, and spinal cord gray matter motor neurons injury↓ | [46] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar albino rats/intestine | Superior mesenteric artery occlusion (ischemia 60 min, reperfusion 60 min) |
15 mg/kg (both before ischemia and before reperfusion, IP) |
CAT↑, total antioxidant capacity↑, MPO↓, total oxidative status↓, and oxidative stress index (OSI) ↓ | [105] |
|
| ||||
| Male BALB/c mice/intestine | Superior mesenteric artery occlusion (ischemia 1 h, reperfusion 24 h) |
50 mg/kg (pretreatment 10 days, PO) |
NO↓, iNOS↓, MPO↓, MDA↓, SOD↑, GSH-Px↑, SIRT1↑, and NF-kB↓ | [41] |
|
| ||||
| Wistar albino rats/intestine | Superior mesenteric artery occlusion (ischemia 1 hour, reperfusion 24 h) |
15 mg/kg (pretreatment 5 days and 15 min before occlusion, IP) |
MPO↓, MDA↓, NO↓, and SOD↑ | [43] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rat/intestine | Superior mesenteric artery occlusion (ischemia 90 min h, reperfusion 120 min) |
0.056 mg/kg (30 min before occlusion, IV) |
Intestine damage score↓, MPO↓, and hemoglobin content↓ | [42] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar albino rats/spleen, ileum | Hepatic artery clamping (ischemia 45 min, reperfusion 30 min) |
15 mg/kg (pretreatment 5 days and 15 min before occlusion, IP) |
MDA↓, NO↓, and GSH↑ | [107] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar albino rats/kidney | Right nephrectomy and left renal pedicle clamping (ischemia 45 min, reperfusion 6 h) |
30 mg/kg (30 min prior to ischemia and immediately before the reperfusion period, IP) |
ROS↓, MDA↓, MPO↓, LDH↓, TNF-α↓, SOD↑, and GSH↑ | [112] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats/kidney | Renal pedicles clamping (ischemia 45 min, reperfusion 24 h) |
5 mg/kg, (pretrentment 30 minutes before surgery, PO) |
NO↑, BUN↓, creatinine↓, SOD↑, GSH↑, and CAT↑ | [117] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats/kidney | Right nephrectomy and left renal pedicle clamping (ischemia 45 min, reperfusion 24 h) |
5 mg/kg, (before I/R, PO) |
BUN↓, creatinine↓, SOD↑, GSH↑, CAT↑, and NO↑ | [45] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats/kidney | Both renal pedicles cross-clamping (ischemia 40 min, reperfusion 24 h) |
0.23 μg/kg (40 min before I/R, IV) |
Mortality rate↓, renal damage↓, and NO↑ | [113] |
|
| ||||
| Male Sprague-Dawley rat/liver | Clamping the portal vein and hepatic artery (ischemia 1 h, reperfusion 3 h) |
0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg (after reperfusion, IV) |
IL-1β↓, IL-6↓, MPO↓, TNF-α↓, KC↓, and HO-1 mRNA↓ | [122] |
|
| ||||
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats/liver | Clamping the portal vein and hepatic artery (ischemia 45 min, reperfusion 45 min) |
10 mg/kg (15 min before reperfusion, IV) |
MDA↓, SOD↑, GSH↑, and CAT↑ | [121] |
|
| ||||
| Sprague-Dawley rat/lung | Left hilum (occlusion 60 min) |
20 mg/kg (4 days and 15 min before ischemia, PO) |
ROS↓, MDA↓, PGC1-α mRNA↑, and leukocyte infiltration↓ | [126] |
|
| ||||
| Male Sprague-Dawley rat/testis | Left testis torsion/detorsion (ischemia 4 h) |
20 mg/kg (30 min before detorsion, IP) |
MDA↓, H2O2↓, and oxidative stress index↓ | [39] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats/testis | Right testis torsion/detorsion (ischemia 4 h) |
30 mg/kg (30 min before detorsion, IP; 7 days postoperatively, PO) |
Improved contralateral spermatozoid production and some fertility parameters. | [133] |
|
| ||||
| Wistar albino rat/ovary | Right unilateral adnexal torsion/detorsion (torsion 3 h, detorsion 3 h) |
10 mg/kg (30 min before detorsion, IP) |
MDA↓, XO↓, and GSH↑ | [140] |
|
| ||||
| Male Sprague Dawley rats/retinal | Anterior chamber saline bag (intraocular pressure 70–80 mm Hg for 45 min) |
30 mg/kg (pretreatment 5 days, IP) |
Reduce inner retinal layers thinning | [145] |
|
| ||||
| Male Wistar rats rat/Retinal | Anterior chamber saline bag (intraocular pressure 120 mm Hg for 60 min) |
0.5 nmole (pretreatment 15 min, IV) |
MMP-9↓, iNOS↓, and HO-1↑ | [149] |
|
| ||||
| Male Spraque-Dawley rats/skeletal muscle | Abdominal aorta clamp (ischemia 120 min, reperfusion 60 min) |
20 mg/kg (pretreatment for 14 days, gastric tube) |
MDA↓, CPK↓, LDH↓, GSH↑ carbonyl↓, and myoglobin↓, | [157] |
|
| ||||
| Sprague-Dawley rats/bladder | Abdominal aorta occlusion (ischemia 60 min, reperfusion 60 min) |
10 mg/kg (15 min before I/R, IP) |
MPO↓, MDA↓, and GSH↑ | [164] |
Abbreviations: I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; IP, intraperitonium; IV: intravenous; PO, Orally; MAP mean arterial pressure; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ER, estrogen receptor; HO-1, hemeoxygenase-1; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha; NF-kB, nuclear factor-kappa B; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MMP-9, metallopeptidase 9; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GSH, glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; NOX, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase; XO, xanthine oxidase; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-10, interleukin 10; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.