Table 2. Independent risk factors of patient death or technical failure in peritoneal dialysis patients.
| Patient death | Univariate competing risk regression | Multivariate competing risk regression* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Category | SHR [95% CI] | P-value | SHR [95% CI] | P-value |
| Age | Elderly PD (vs. younger PD) | 5.18 [2.52, 10.60] | <0.001 | 2.99 [1.32, 6.76] | 0.009 a |
| Sex | Female (vs. male) | 0.79 [0.37, 1.70] | 0.550 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Hemoglobin<9.7 | ||||
| 9.7≤Hemoglobin<10.6 | 0.58 [0.24, 1.39] | 0.220 | |||
| Hemoglobin≥10.6 | 0.39 [0.16, 0.92] | 0.032 | |||
| Calcium (mg/dL) | Calcium<7.9 | ||||
| 7.9≤Calcium<8.5 | 1.05 [0.45, 2.45] | 0.910 | |||
| Calcium≥8.5 | 0.60 [0.24, 1.47] | 0.260 | |||
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | Phosphorus<4.1 | ||||
| 4.1≤Phosphorus<5.0 | 0.34 [0.15, 0.77] | 0.010 | |||
| Phosphorus≥5.0 | 0.12 [0.03, 0.39] | 0.001 | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | Albumin<3.3 | ||||
| 3.3≤Albumin<3.6 | 0.20 [0.07, 0.58] | 0.003 | 0.20 [0.06, 0.71] | 0.013 a | |
| Albumin≥3.6 | 0.10 [0.03, 0.31] | <0.001 | 0.12 [0.03, 0.42] | 0.001 a | |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | Potassium<4.2 | ||||
| 4.2≤Potassium<4.7 | 0.47 [0.20, 1.13] | 0.091 | 0.75 [0.31, 1.79] | 0.520 a | |
| Potassium≥4.7 | 0.34 [0.11, 1.00] | 0.051 | 0.48 [0.15, 1.49] | 0.210 a | |
| 24-h urine volume (mL/day) | 24-h urine volume<500 | ||||
| 500≤24-h urine volume<1000 | 0.45 [0.18, 1.11] | 0.083 | 0.40 [0.17, 0.96] | 0.039 b | |
| 24-h urine volume≥1000 | 0.54 [0.22, 1.32] | 0.170 | 0.50 [0.18, 1.11] | 0.280 b | |
| mCCI | Low (0–5) | ||||
| Moderate (6–7) | 1.60 [0.73, 3.47] | 0.240 | |||
| High (8–15) | 0.68 [0.22, 2.09] | 0.500 | |||
| SGA | Malnourished (1–5) | ||||
| Nourished (6–7) | 0.40 [0.18, 0.89] | 0.025 | |||
| Diabetes | Present (vs. absent) | 3.07 [1.31, 7.18] | 0.010 | 2.73 [1.13, 6.57] | 0.025 b |
| Peritonitis | Present (vs. absent) | 1.58 [0.78, 3.19] | 0.210 | ||
| Hospitalization | Present (vs. absent) | 1.70 [0.71, 4.08] | 0.230 | ||
| Technical failure | |||||
| Age | Elderly PD (vs. younger PD) | 1.46 [0.87, 2.45] | 0.160 | 1.43 [0.81, 2.53] | 0.220 c |
| Sex | Female (vs. male) | 0.90 [0.59, 1.38] | 0.630 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Hemoglobin<9.7 | 1 (reference) | |||
| 9.7≤Hemoglobin<10.6 | 0.87 [0.49, 1.55] | 0.650 | |||
| Hemoglobin≥10.6 | 0.98 [0.60, 1.60] | 0.930 | |||
| Calcium (mg/dL) | Calcium<7.9 | 1 (reference) | |||
| 7.9≤Calcium<8.5 | 1.16 [0.68, 1.99] | 0.580 | |||
| Calcium≥8.5 | 1.13 [0.69, 1.83] | 0.630 | |||
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | Phosphorus<4.1 | 1 (reference) | |||
| 4.1≤Phosphorus<5.0 | 1.13 [0.67, 1.90] | 0.660 | |||
| Phosphorus≥5.0 | 1.00 [0.60, 1.68] | 0.990 | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | Albumin<3.3 | 1 (reference) | |||
| 3.3≤Albumin<3.6 | 0.79 [0.46, 1.36] | 0.400 | |||
| Albumin≥3.6 | 0.68 [0.42, 1.09] | 0.110 | |||
| Potassium (mEq/L) | Potassium<4.2 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| 4.2≤Potassium<4.7 | 0.82 [0.50, 1.33] | 0.420 | 0.80 [0.49, 1.30] | 0.360 c | |
| Potassium≥4.7 | 1.16 [0.70, 1.91] | 0.570 | 0.99 [0.58, 1.69] | 0.970 c | |
| 24-h urine volume (mL/day) | 24-h urine volume<500 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| 500≤24-h urine volume<1000 | 0.99 [0.58, 1.67] | 0.960 | 0.87 [0.50, 1.52] | 0.620 c | |
| 24-h urine volume≥1000 | 1.47 [0.86, 2.50] | 0.160 | 1.35 [0.78, 2.33] | 0.280 c | |
| mCCI | Low (0–5) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Moderate (6–7) | 1.34 [0.84, 2.15] | 0.220 | |||
| High (8–15) | 1.15 [0.67, 1.96] | 0.620 | |||
| SGA | Malnourished (1–5) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Nourished (6–7) | 0.78 [0.50, 1.23] | 0.290 | |||
| Diabetes | Present (vs. absent) | 1.40 [0.92, 2.11] | 0.110 | 1.13 [0.73, 1.76] | 0.590 c |
| Peritonitis | Present (vs. absent) | 1.87 [1.23, 2.84] | 0.003 | 1.79 [1.15, 2.80] | 0.010 c |
| Hospitalization | Present (vs. absent) | 2.16 [1.24, 3.79] | 0.007 | ||
*Variables that were adopted in the final stepwise-multivariate model alone were presented.
a Adjusted for age, hemoglobin, phosphorus, albumin, potassium, 24-h urine volume, SGA, and diabetes.
b Adjusted for age, 24-h urine volume, SGA, and diabetes.
c Adjusted for age, albumin, 24-h urine volume, diabetes, and peritonitis.
Abbreviations: SHR, sub-hazard ratios; CI, confidence interval; PD, peritoneal dialysis; SGA, subjective global assessment.