(a).
Enzyme | Food, beverage, or bioactive compounds Food sources in italics |
Type of study | Dosages used and references |
---|---|---|---|
Cruciferous vegetables | Clinical | 500 mg/d indole-3-carbinol [23] | |
Resveratrol Grapes, wine, peanuts, soy, and itadori tea [32] |
Clinical | 1 g/d resveratrol [28]: note high dose used | |
Green tea | In vivo | 45 mL/d/rat (avg. 150 g animal weight) green tea [33] | |
Black tea | In vivo | 54 mL/d/rat (avg. 150 g animal weight) black tea [33] | |
CYP1A1 | Curcumin Turmeric, curry powder [34] |
In vivo | 1,000 mg/kg/d/rat curcumin [35], or about 150 mg per rat per day |
Soybean | In vivo | 100 mg/kg soybean extract [7] | |
Garlic | In vivo | 30 to 200 mg/kg garlic oil [36] | |
Fish oil | In vivo | 20.5 g/kg fish oil [36]: note high dose used | |
Rosemary | In vivo | Diet of 0.5% rosemary extract [37] | |
Astaxanthin Algae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, and crayfish [38] |
In vivo | Diets of 0.001–0.03% astaxanthin for 15 days [39] | |
| |||
Cruciferous vegetables | Clinical | 7–14 g/kg cruciferous vegetables including frozen broccoli and cauliflower, fresh daikon radish sprouts and raw shredded cabbage, and red and green [24] 500 g/d broccoli [4] 250 g/d each of Brussel sprouts and broccoli [25] 500 g/d broccoli [26] |
|
CYP1A2 | Green tea | In vivo | 45 mL/d/rat (avg. 150 g animal weight) green tea [33] Green tea (2.5% w/v) as sole beverage [40] |
Black tea | In vivo | 54 mL/d/rat (avg. 150 g animal weight) black tea [33] | |
Chicory root | In vivo | Diet of 10% dried chicory root [41] | |
Astaxanthin Algae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, and crayfish [38] |
In vivo | Diets of 0.001–0.03% astaxanthin for 15 days [39] | |
| |||
CYP1B1 | Curcumin Turmeric, curry powder [34] |
In vivo | Diet of 0.1% curcumin [35] |
Cruciferous vegtables | In vivo | 25–250 mg/kg indole-3-carbinol [27] |