(b).
Enzyme | Food, beverage, or bioactive compounds Food sources in italics |
Type of study | Dosages used and references |
---|---|---|---|
Black raspberry | In vivo | Diet of 2.5% black raspberry [6] | |
Blueberry | In vivo | Diet of 2.5% blueberry [6] | |
CYP1A1 | Ellagic acid Berries, pomegranate, grapes, walnuts, and blackcurrants [42] |
In vivo | 30 mg/kg/d ellagic acid [43] 400 ppm ellagic acid [6] |
Black soybean | In vivo | 1 g/kg black soybean seed coat extract [44]: note high dose used | |
Black tea | In vivo | 20 mg/kg theaflavins [45] | |
Turmeric | In vivo | Diet of 1% turmeric [46] | |
| |||
Apiaceous vegetables | Clinical | 4 g/kg apiaceous vegetables, including frozen carrots and fresh celery, dill, parsley, and parsnips [24] | |
Quercetin Apple, apricot, blueberries, yellow onion, kale, alfalfa sprouts, green beans, broccoli, black tea, and chili powder [47, 48] |
Clinical | 500 mg/d quercetin [29] | |
CYP1A2 | Daidzein Soybean [49] |
Clinical | 200 mg twice daily dosing of daidzein [49] |
Grapefruit | Clinical | 300 mL grapefruit juice [50] | |
Kale | In vivo | 2 g/kg/d kale, as freeze-dried kale drink [51] |
|
Garlic | In vivo | 100 mg/kg garlic oil [52] | |
Chamomile | In vivo | Free access to 2% chamomile tea solution [53] | |
Peppermint | In vivo | Free access to 2% peppermint tea solution [53] | |
Dandelion | In vivo | Free access to 2% dandelion tea solution [53] | |
Turmeric | In vivo | Diet of 1% turmeric [46] |