(b).
Enzyme | Food, beverage, or bioactive compounds Food sources in italics |
Type of study | Dosages used and references |
---|---|---|---|
Ellagic acid Berries, pomegranate, grapes, walnuts, and blackcurrants [42] |
In vivo | 10 and 30 mg/kg/d ellagic acid [43] | |
CYP2B | Green tea | In vivo | 100 mg/kg/d green tea extract [56] |
Cruciferous vegetables | In vivo | 3 and 12 mg/kg/d sulforaphane [57] | |
| |||
CYP2B1 | Turmeric | In vivo | Diet of 1% turmeric [46] |
| |||
Green tea | In vivo | 45 mL/d/rat (avg. 150 g animal weight) green tea [33] | |
CYP2C | Black tea | In vivo | 54 mL/d/rat (avg. 150 g animal weight) black tea [33] |
Ellagic acid Berries, pomegranate, grapes, walnuts, and blackcurrants [42] |
In vivo | 30 mg/kg/d ellagic acid [43] | |
| |||
CYP2C6 | Ellagic acid Berries, pomegranate, grapes, walnuts, and blackcurrants [42] |
In vivo | 30 mg/kg/d ellagic acid [43] |
| |||
CYP2C9 | Resveratrol Grapes, wine, peanuts, soy, and itadori tea [32] |
Clinical | 1 g/d resveratrol [28]: note high dose used |
Myricetin Onions, berries, grapes, and red wine [58] |
In vivo | 2 and 8 mg/kg myricetin [58] | |
| |||
CYP2C19 | Kale | In vivo | 2 g/kg/d kale, as freeze-dried kale drink [51] |
| |||
Resveratrol Grapes, wine, peanuts, soy, and itadori tea [32] |
Clinical | 1 g/d resveratrol [28]: note high dose used | |
CYP2D6 | Garden cress | Clinical | 7.5 g twice daily intake of garden cress seed powder [55] |
Kale | In vivo | 2 g/kg/d kale, as freeze-dried kale drink [51] | |
| |||
Watercress | Clinical | 50 g watercress homogenate [59] |
|
Garlic | Clinical and in vivo | 0.2 mg/kg diallyl sulfide, equivalent to high human garlic consumption [60] 100 mg/kg garlic oil [52] 200 mg/kg diallyl sulfide [8] 30 to 200 mg/kg garlic oil [36] Diet of 2% and 5% garlic powder [61] |
|
N-acetyl cysteine Allium vegetables [54] |
In vivo | 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg N-acetyl cysteine [54] | |
CYP2E1 | Ellagic acid Berries, pomegranate, grapes, walnuts, and blackcurrants [42] |
In vivo | 10 and 30 mg/kg/d ellagic acid [43] |
Green tea | In vivo | 45 mL/d/rat (avg. 150 g animal weight) green tea [33] | |
Black tea | In vivo | 54 mL/d/rat (avg. 150 g animal weight) black tea [33] | |
Dandelion | In vivo | 0.5 and 2 g/kg dandelion leaf water extract [62] | |
Chrysin Honey, honeycomb [63] |
In vivo | 20 and 40 mg/kg/d chrysin [63] | |
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) Coconut and coconut oil |
In vivo | 32% calories as MCTs [64] |