Table 5. Causes of bloodstream infection by HIV serostatus in nine fever etiology studies in low- and middle-income countries, 1980–2013.
| Blood culture isolate | Total isolates (% with BSI) | Patients infected with HIV (% with BSI) | Patients not infected with HIV (% with BSI) | OR for those infected with HIV | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | OR | P-value | |
| Mycobacterium spp. | 241 | (39.0) | 237 | (38.3) | 4 | (0.6) | 44.5 | p<0.0001 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 82 | (15.1) | 56 | (10.3) | 26 | (4.8) | 2.9 | p<0.0001 |
| Non-typhoidal Salmonella | 60 | (13.8) | 54 | (12.4) | 6 | (1.4) | 16.5 | p<0.0001 |
| Salmonella enterica Typhi | 34 | (10.8) | 2 | (0.6) | 32 | (10.1) | 0.12 | p<0.05 |
| Escherichia coli | 29 | (6.3) | 14 | (3.0) | 15 | (3.2) | NS | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 25 | (5.6) | 13 | (2.9) | 12 | (2.7) | NS | |
| Total bloodstream infection | 3,024 | - | 1,667 | (55.1) | 1,357 | (44.9) | 1.3 | p<0.001 |