(A) LA does not activate HIV-1 susceptible CD4+ T cells. Freshly isolated PBMCs were cultured in the presence of LA, tenofovir or PHA for 3 days at 37°C. The cells were then analyzed for their expression of the activation markers CD69 (early), CD25 (late) and HLA-DR (very late) by the mAbs PE-conjugated anti-CD69 (left), anti-CD25 (middle) and anti-HLA-DR (right) together with PerCP-conjugated anti-CD4. Mean ± SEM of 6 independent experiments is shown. ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001, according to student’s T-test for comparison with untreated PBMCs. (B) Freshly isolated PBMCs were pretreated with LA, tenofovir, PRO2000, acyclovir or PHA for 24h, then thoroughly washed and infected with HIV-1 R5 BaL for 7 days in the abscence of compounds. Viral replication in the supernatant was measured using HIV-1 p24 Ag ELISA. Mean of 3 independent donor experiments is shown.