Fig 10. Effects of LA/antiviral drug combinations on HSV and HIV replication.

(A) Effects of LA combinations on their anti-HSV-2 G activity in C8166 cells. The IC₅₀s of LA (white bars) and the combined inhibitors acyclovir, PRO2000 and LabyA1 (grey bars), alone and in combination, are represented. Mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments is shown. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, according to student’s T-test, compared with single-drug treatment. (B) Determination of the combination indices (CIs) of LA/acyclovir, LA/PRO2000 and LA/LabyA1 two-drug combinations. Mean CIs ± SEM from 3 independent experiments is shown. The CIs were calculated at 3 inhibitory levels (IC₅₀, IC₇₅, IC₉₀), whereby CIs<0.9 are synergistic, 0.9<CIs<1.1 are additive and CIs>1.1 are antagonistic. (C) Effects of LA combinations on their anti-HIV-1 R5 BaL activity in TZM-bl cells. The IC₅₀s of LA (white bars) and the combined inhibitors PRO2000, maraviroc and tenofovir (grey bars), alone and in combination, are represented. Mean ± SEM from 3–4 independent experiments is shown. *p<0.05, according to student’s T-test, compared with single-drug treatment. (D) Calculation of CIs of LA in combination with PRO2000, maraviroc and tenofovir. Mean CIs ± SEM from 3–4 independent experiments is shown. The CIs were again calculated at 3 inhibitory levels (IC₅₀, IC₇₅, IC₉₀), whereby CIs<0.9 are synergistic, 0.9<CIs<1.1 are additive and CIs>1.1 are antagonistic.