Table 1.
Stiffness tensor (C, Voigt notation) with elastic constants (Cij, MPa) of ash from Dinckal (2011), used for modeling the wooden rod.
| C11 = 2.439 | C12 = 1.037 | C13 = 1.968 | C14 = 0 | C15 = 0 | C16 = 0 |
| C21 = 1.037 | C22 = 1.439 | C23 = 1.485 | C24 = 0 | C25 = 0 | C26 = 0 |
| C31 = 1.968 | C32 = 1.485 | C33 = 17.000 | C34 = 0 | C35 = 0 | C36 = 0 |
| C41 = 0 | C42 = 0 | C43 = 0 | C44 = 1.218 | C45 = 0 | C46 = 0 |
| C51 = 0 | C52 = 0 | C53 = 0 | C54 = 0 | C55 = 1.720 | C56 = 0 |
| C61 = 0 | C62 = 0 | C63 = 0 | C64 = 0 | C65 = 0 | C66 = 0.500 |
A cylindrical coordinate system was used with the first, second, and third axis being aligned with the radial, tangential, and longitudinal direction, respectively, of the internal wood structure.