Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants with metabolic syndrome.
| Variables | Blueberry | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| n = 23 | n = 21 | |
| Race (African American/Caucasian), n/n | 13/10 | 8/13 |
| Gender (male/female), n/n | 11/12 | 5/16 |
| Age, years | 55 ± 2 | 59 ± 2 |
| Body weight, kg | 100.8 ± 3.9 | 98.9 ± 3.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 35.2 ± 0.8 | 36.0 ± 1.1 |
| Body fat, % | 37.8 ± 1.4 * | 42.8 ± 1.6 |
| Fat mass, kg | 38.5 ± 2.0 | 42.7 ± 2.3 |
| Lean mass, kg | 63.4 ± 2.9 | 56.8 ± 2.3 |
| Clinic systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125.7 ± 2.2 | 125.0 ± 3.2 |
| Clinic diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 82.7 ± 1.9 | 77.5 ± 1.9 |
| Serum biochemistry | ||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.1 |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 129.3 ± 16.7 | 108.6 ± 9.1 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.1 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 5.1 ± 0.2 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.2 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
| 24-h systolic blood pressure, mmHg # | 123.4 ± 1.9 | 124.7 ± 3.5 |
| 24-h diastolic blood pressure, mmHg # | 78.6 ± 1.2 | 76.1 ± 1.8 |
| RHI # | 1.94 ± 0.11 * | 2.34 ± 0.16 |
| Antihypertensive medication users, % | 91% | 95% |
Values are the means ± SEM; blood was drawn, and clinic blood pressure and RHI were measured from participants after a 10-hour fast; * blueberry versus. placebo, p ≤ 0.05. LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; RHI, reactive hyperemia index (i.e., endothelial function); # RHI (blueberry, n = 22; and placebo, n = 18) and blood pressure (blueberry, n = 22; and placebo, n = 19).