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. 2015 Jun 9;7(6):4661–4688. doi: 10.3390/nu7064661

Table 2.

Comparison of daily intake of energy and macronutrients by age and sex in the Chinese, Japanese and American groups.

Energy, Macronutrients and Age Males (N = 1274) Females (N = 1385)
Chinese Japanese American Chinese Japanese American
N Mean ± SD N Mean N Mean ± SD N Mean ± SD N Mean N Mean ± SD
Total energy, kcal
1–6 37 1287 ± 610 243 1389 552 1522 ± 463 * 33 1027 ± 366 245 1270 * 539 1441 ± 439 *
7–14 63 1777 ± 702 392 2103 * 622 1997 ± 617 * 75 1524 ± 494 403 1871 * 594 1830 ± 551 *
15–19 23 1951 ± 687 201 2440 * 360 2505 ± 923 * 29 1579 ± 568 192 1873 * 316 1806 ± 653
20–29 61 2229 ± 771 304 2183 363 2553 ± 959 * 84 1959 ± 1242 361 1684 446 1877 ± 645
30–39 147 2270 ± 901 540 2208 394 2672 ± 966 * 185 1802 ± 587 661 1725 442 1835 ± 587
40–49 267 2423 ± 842 537 2153 * 407 2601 ± 929 * 292 1898 ± 610 570 1719 * 508 1759 ± 573 *
50–59 259 2339 ± 855 587 2214 * 407 2387 ± 914 301 1858 ± 692 681 1774 * 384 1715 ± 576 *
60–69 255 2150 ± 846 664 2195 399 2071 ± 724 263 1696 ± 765 762 1759 401 1633 ± 563
≥70 162 1982 ± 769 696 1982 417 1884 ± 575 123 1583 ± 589 846 1613 469 1509 ± 515
Carbohydrate, g
1–6 37 161.2 ± 97.9 243 195.9 * 552 207.1 ± 68.4 * 33 115.1 ± 47.0 245 174.7 * 539 195.3 ± 64.1 *
7–14 63 207.9 ± 89.9 392 268.1 * 622 265.9 ± 85.8 * 75 182.3 ± 79.0 403 251.6 * 594 247.3 ± 77.4 *
15–19 23 250.5 ± 102.2 201 333.6 * 360 323.4 ± 125.4 * 29 184.2 ± 78.9 192 245.4 * 316 237.5 ± 90.1 *
20–29 61 254.0 ± 114.1 304 300.2 * 363 319.4 ± 126.4 * 84 238.2 ± 231.3 361 223.2 446 244.6 ± 89.1
30–39 147 269.0 ± 142.3 540 299.3 * 394 322.3 ± 129.7 * 185 212.0 ± 91.8 661 235.4 * 442 232.2 ± 82.0 *
40–49 267 279.8 ± 111.1 537 290.4 407 314.4 ± 120.5 * 292 233.8 ± 91.2 570 233.1 508 226.3 ± 82.8
50–59 259 275.1 ± 115.3 587 296.8 * 407 282.6 ± 114.7 301 234.4 ± 102.9 681 248.2 * 384 217.6 ± 82.8 *
60–69 255 266.0 ± 129.2 664 306.7 * 399 247.9 ± 91.6 263 215.4 ± 116.5 762 256.7 * 401 203.5 ± 74.8
≥70 162 243.6 ± 102.1 696 289.1 * 417 230.5 ± 78.3 123 211.0 ± 91.0 846 244.1 * 469 194.1 ± 70.9
Protein, g
1–6 37 41.8 ± 20.0 243 48.8 * 552 56.6 ± 19.0 * 33 36.7 ± 15.9 245 44.7 * 539 53.9 ± 18.9 *
7–14 63 60.3 ± 26.4 392 75.3 * 622 73.7 ± 26.6 * 75 51.9 ± 17.8 403 67.7 * 594 66.3 ± 22.8 *
15–19 23 69.0 ± 28.9 201 87.5 * 360 96.2 ± 42.2 * 29 54.2 ± 20.5 192 68.3 * 316 64.4 ± 25.3
20–29 61 77.3 ± 27.8 304 76.7 363 99.4 ± 40.4 * 84 69.9 ± 38.3 361 62.9 446 68.7 ± 24.6 *
30–39 147 77.1 ± 32.6 540 76.6 394 104.4 ± 39.1 * 185 63.2 ± 21.6 661 62.5 442 72.0 ± 25.2 *
40–49 267 76.7 ± 29.5 537 75.8 407 102.1 ± 37.9 * 292 63.4 ± 23.3 570 63.1 508 69.0 ± 23.2
50–59 259 76.3 ± 28.7 587 80.5 * 407 95.8 ± 39.0 * 301 66.1 ± 31.6 681 68.1 384 67.1 ± 24.0
60–69 255 73.0 ± 33.4 664 80.9 * 399 84.6 ± 34.1 * 263 62.4 ± 32.5 762 69.1 * 401 65.7 ± 24.9 *
≥70 162 69.0 ± 29.3 696 74.8 * 417 74.4 ± 25.6 * 123 53.9 ± 23.4 846 62.5 * 469 60.0 ± 23.0
Fat, g
1–6 37 53.2 ± 28.2 243 43.8 552 54.0 ± 19.8 33 47.1 ± 21.4 245 42.2 539 51.4 ± 19.2
7–14 63 80.4 ± 45.4 392 69.6 622 73.2 ± 27.9 75 66.9 ± 29.4 403 63.2 594 66.4 ± 25.6
15–19 23 77.1 ± 36.7 201 78.2 360 91.6 ± 40.2 29 71.7 ± 33.1 192 65.4 316 67.7 ± 30.5 *
20–29 61 102.0 ± 44.5 304 66.3 * 363 89.0 ± 40.8 * 84 82.4 ± 41.5 361 55.6 * 446 67.5 ± 29.7 *
30–39 147 95.1 ± 44.3 540 65.1 * 394 96.1 ± 43.4 185 79.3 ± 35.1 661 54.4 * 442 68.1 ± 29.0 *
40–49 267 101.5 ± 51.3 537 60.6 * 407 97.0 ± 45.8 292 80.0 ± 41.2 570 53.9 * 508 63.7 ± 27.6 *
50–59 259 94.8 ± 46.7 587 61.1 * 407 90.2 ± 47.1 301 74.3 ± 36.5 681 52.7 * 384 63.1 ± 27.7
60–69 255 82.1 ± 37.0 664 55.3 * 399 77.3 ± 35.3 263 66.1 ± 33.7 762 47.8 * 401 61.5 ± 29.4
≥70 162 73.3 ± 36.7 696 47.8 * 417 71.3 ± 27.7 123 60.1 ± 34.7 846 40.7 * 469 55.6 ± 23.1 *
Fiber, g
1–6 37 4.7 ± 3.3 243 8.6 * 552 11.5 ± 5.3 * 33 5.2 ± 3.2 245 8.1 * 539 10.8 ± 4.9 *
7–14 63 7.5 ± 5.5 392 13.3 * 622 14.3 ± 6.0 * 75 7.0 ± 4.9 403 12.4 * 594 14.1 ± 6.1 *
15–19 23 8.6 ± 5.5 201 13.2 * 360 16.8 ± 8.1 * 29 7.4 ± 4.0 192 12.1 * 316 12.4 ± 5.8 *
20–29 61 9.8 ± 7.7 304 12.6 * 363 17.9 ± 9.6 * 84 10.0 ± 6.7 361 12.1 * 446 13.9 ± 6.6 *
30–39 147 10.3 ± 6.7 540 12.9 * 394 19.3 ± 9.9 * 185 9.9 ± 6.1 661 12.5 * 442 16.2 ± 8.5 *
40–49 267 10.4 ± 6.3 537 13.2 * 407 19.9 ± 11.4 * 292 10.2 ± 9.2 570 12.5 * 508 15.0 ± 7.7 *
50–59 259 11.5 ± 8.6 587 14.7 * 407 19.3 ± 9.5 * 301 11.9 ± 9.4 681 15.2 * 384 15.9 ± 7.8 *
60–69 255 12.2 ± 8.5 664 16.9 * 399 17.9 ± 9.1 * 263 10.5 ± 6.6 762 16.6 * 401 15.6 ± 7.0 *
≥70 162 11.0 ± 7.9 696 16.5 * 417 17.1 ± 8.7 * 123 10.0 ± 7.5 846 15.3 * 469 15.0 ± 7.2 *
Cholesterol, mg
1–6 37 262 ± 169 243 244 552 185.3 ± 118.1 * 33 297 ± 240 245 234 539 178.1 ± 103.1
7–14 63 308 ± 217 392 352 622 229.8 ± 128.0 * 75 236 ± 160 403 334 * 594 212.8 ± 130.2 *
15–19 23 321 ± 190 201 467 * 360 299.1 ± 181.4 29 373 ± 282 192 382 316 217.2 ± 130.7 *
20–29 61 360 ± 212 304 369 363 330.8 ± 189.8 84 362 ± 247 361 317 446 231.1 ± 142.2 *
30–39 147 353 ± 230 540 365 394 345.5 ± 197.0 185 309 ± 184 661 296 442 240.7 ± 141.3 *
40–49 267 329 ± 256 537 351 407 354.5 ± 206.2 292 295 ± 239 570 311 508 233.4 ± 136.0 *
50–59 259 344 ± 241 587 369 407 343.3 ± 234.1 301 297 ± 229 681 309 384 227.9 ± 136.7 *
60–69 253 315 ± 256 664 353 * 399 304.3 ± 180.5 260 285 ± 234 762 297 401 228.2 ± 143.1
≥70 161 271 ± 183 696 317 * 417 273.4 ± 163.6 122 206 ± 182 846 265 * 469 194.8 ± 111.6 *
% Total energy from
Carbohydrate, %
1–6 37 48.7 ± 13.3 243 58.2 * 552 54.4 ± 7.2 * 33 45.6 ± 10.9 245 56.8 * 539 54.3 ± 7.7 *
7–14 63 47.9 ± 13.1 392 56.1 * 622 53.5 ± 7.3 * 75 47.8 ± 12.4 403 55.2 * 594 54.3 ± 6.9 *
15–19 23 52.0 ± 12.8 201 57.1 360 51.9 ± 8.5 29 46.9 ± 11.9 192 54.5 * 316 52.8 ± 8.1 *
20–29 61 45.6 ± 11.4 304 58.9 * 363 50.5 ± 8.9 * 84 46.7 ± 11.6 361 55.9 * 446 52.5 ± 8.2 *
30–39 147 46.6 ± 12.0 540 59.8 * 394 48.6 ± 10.2 185 46.6 ± 12.3 661 57.4 * 442 51.0 ± 9.3 *
40–49 267 47.0 ± 12.7 537 60.6 * 407 48.8 ± 9.1 292 49.6 ± 12.9 570 57.3 * 508 51.5 ± 9.2
50–59 259 47.7 ± 11.9 587 60.9 * 407 47.9 ± 9.9 301 50.3 ± 11.3 681 58.2 * 384 50.9 ± 9.9
60–69 255 49.3 ± 11.9 664 62.5 * 399 48.5 ± 9.5 263 50.3 ± 12.0 762 60.1 * 401 50.3 ± 9.3
≥70 162 50.1 ± 12.8 696 63.4 * 417 49.3 ± 8.9 123 53.9 ± 14.2 846 62.3 * 469 51.7 ± 8.5 *
Protein, %
1–6 37 13.2 ± 3.2 243 14 552 15.0 ± 3.0 * 33 14.3 ± 3.2 245 14 539 15.1 ± 3.3
7–14 63 13.7 ± 3.3 392 14.4 622 14.9 ± 3.2 * 75 13.8 ± 3.2 403 14.6 594 14.6 ± 3.1
15–19 23 14.1 ± 3.2 201 14.5 360 15.6 ± 4.1 29 14.1 ± 5.0 192 14.7 316 14.6 ± 3.7
20–29 61 14.0 ± 2.9 304 14.2 363 15.8 ± 3.9 * 84 15.0 ± 4.6 361 15 446 14.9 ± 3.5
30–39 147 13.9 ± 3.5 540 14 394 16.1 ± 4.5 * 185 14.5 ± 3.8 661 14.7 442 15.9 ± 3.7 *
40–49 267 13.0 ± 3.5 537 14.3 * 407 16.0 ± 3.7 * 292 13.7 ± 3.9 570 14.8 * 508 16.1 ± 4.0 *
50–59 259 13.4 ± 3.4 587 14.6 * 407 16.3 ± 3.9 * 301 14.3 ± 3.8 681 15.4 * 384 16.0 ± 4.2 *
60–69 255 13.8 ± 3.5 664 14.9 * 399 16.6 ± 4.1 * 263 14.8 ± 4.0 762 15.8 * 401 16.5 ± 4.6 *
≥70 162 14.3 ± 3.9 696 15.1 * 417 16.0 ± 3.8 * 123 13.7 ± 3.4 846 15.4 * 469 16.2 ± 4.2 *
Fat, %
1–6 37 38.2 ± 12.7 243 27.8 * 552 31.8 ± 5.7 * 33 40.6 ± 9.3 245 29.2 * 539 31.8 ± 5.8 *
7–14 63 39.4 ± 12.1 392 29.5 * 622 32.7 ± 5.8 * 75 39.4 ± 11.3 403 30.2 * 594 32.2 ± 5.8 *
15–19 23 35.0 ± 11.4 201 28.4 * 360 32.6 ± 6.6 29 40.3 ± 11.3 192 30.8 * 316 33.3 ± 6.7 *
20–29 61 41.0 ± 11.0 304 26.9 * 363 30.9 ± 6.6 * 84 39.0 ± 10.6 361 29.1 * 446 31.9 ± 6.7 *
30–39 147 38.2 ± 10.8 540 26.2 * 394 32.1 ± 7.7 * 185 39.7 ± 11.0 661 27.9 * 442 32.9 ± 7.3 *
40–49 267 37.2 ± 10.9 537 25.1 * 407 32.9 ± 7.6 * 292 37.4 ± 11.7 570 27.9 * 508 32.1 ± 7.0 *
50–59 259 36.3 ± 10.9 587 24.5 * 407 33.1 ± 7.6 * 301 36.0 ± 10.9 681 26.4 * 384 32.7 ± 7.8 *
60–69 255 34.9 ± 11.0 664 22.6 * 399 33.1 ± 7.6 * 263 35.5 ± 10.9 762 24.1 * 401 33.2 ± 7.9 *
≥70 162 33.2 ± 10.7 696 21.5 * 417 33.7 ± 6.9 123 33.5 ± 12.7 846 22.3 * 469 32.8 ± 6.7

* p < 0.04 after FDR adjustment versus Chinese.