Table 4.

Comparison of daily intake of vitamins by age and sex in the Chinese, Japanese and American groups.

Vitamins and Age	Males (N = 1274)						Females (N = 1385)
	Chinese		Japanese		American		Chinese		Japanese		American
	N	Mean ± SD	N	Mean	N	Mean ± SD	N	Mean ± SD	N	Mean	N	Mean ± SD
Vitamin A, μg REs &
1–6	37	277 ± 397	243	419 *	552	589 ± 263 *	33	282 ± 236	245	407 *	539	570 ± 288 *
7–14	63	377 ± 395	392	618 *	622	641 ± 369 *	75	270 ± 184	403	606 *	594	569 ± 307 *
15–19	23	364 ± 237	201	805 *	360	640 ± 390 *	29	398 ± 264	192	561 *	316	469 ± 338
20–29	61	482 ± 630	304	603	363	617 ± 469	84	400 ± 335	361	627 *	446	550 ± 463 *
30–39	147	577 ± 1020	540	592	394	669 ± 522	185	415 ± 345	661	529 *	442	584 ± 398 *
40–49	267	444 ± 498	537	630 *	407	650 ± 461 *	292	422 ± 434	570	519 *	508	569 ± 569 *
50–59	259	554 ± 969	587	601	407	650 ± 451	301	467 ± 559	681	612 *	384	635 ± 527 *
60–69	255	453 ± 466	664	674 *	399	628 ± 463 *	263	466 ± 549	762	695 *	401	620 ± 634 *
≥70	162	445 ± 444	696	750 *	417	772 ± 949 *	123	361 ± 332	846	617 *	469	651 ± 468 *
Vitamin B1, mg
1–6	37	0.51 ± 0.28	243	0.61 *	552	1.30 ± 0.52 *	33	0.44 ± 0.17	245	0.58 *	539	1.22 ± 0.46 *
7–14	63	0.72 ± 0.38	392	1.28 *	622	1.72 ± 0.68 *	75	0.62 ± 0.24	403	1.19 *	594	1.54 ± 0.60 *
15–19	23	0.80 ± 0.31	201	1.42 *	360	1.97 ± 0.90 *	29	0.64 ± 0.26	192	0.95 *	316	1.33 ± 0.58 *
20–29	61	0.98 ± 0.47	304	1.39 *	363	1.97 ± 0.97 *	84	0.82 ± 0.49	361	1.05 *	446	1.48 ± 0.67 *
30–39	147	1.03 ± 0.52	540	1.23 *	394	2.05 ± 1.06 *	185	0.74 ± 0.29	661	1.19 *	442	1.48 ± 0.61 *
40–49	267	1.14 ± 0.64	537	1.25 *	407	2.01 ± 0.90 *	292	0.80 ± 0.35	570	1.27 *	508	1.35 ± 0.54 *
50–59	259	1.08 ± 0.61	587	1.42 *	407	1.84 ± 0.83 *	301	0.82 ± 0.42	681	1.48 *	384	1.36 ± 0.58 *
60–69	255	0.91 ± 0.46	664	1.44 *	399	1.70 ± 0.81 *	263	0.74 ± 0.41	762	1.88 *	401	1.31 ± 0.57 *
≥70	162	0.87 ± 0.48	696	1.71 *	417	1.65 ± 0.68 *	123	0.65 ± 0.31	846	2.3 *	469	1.31 ± 0.57 *
Vitamin B2, mg
1–6	37	0.55 ± 0.29	243	0.91 *	552	1.91 ± 0.68 *	33	0.48 ± 0.24	245	0.82 *	539	1.81 ± 0.69 *
7–14	63	0.71 ± 0.33	392	1.38 *	622	2.14 ± 0.84 *	75	0.59 ± 0.21	403	1.33 *	594	1.85 ± 0.71 *
15–19	23	0.81 ± 0.39	201	1.75 *	360	2.32 ± 1.17 *	29	0.66 ± 0.25	192	1.27 *	316	1.59 ± 0.84 *
20–29	61	0.85 ± 0.36	304	1.43 *	363	2.33 ± 1.42 *	84	0.81 ± 0.44	361	1.39 *	446	1.77 ± 1.01 *
30–39	147	0.91 ± 0.50	540	1.34 *	394	2.54 ± 1.37 *	185	0.73 ± 0.29	661	1.41 *	442	1.87 ± 0.80 *
40–49	267	0.90 ± 0.46	537	1.39 *	407	2.44 ± 1.13 *	292	0.73 ± 0.35	570	1.28 *	508	1.79 ± 0.80 *
50–59	259	0.89 ± 0.40	587	1.62 *	407	2.37 ± 1.23 *	301	0.78 ± 0.44	681	1.56 *	384	1.83 ± 0.83 *
60–69	255	0.85 ± 0.46	664	1.57 *	399	2.16 ± 1.11 *	263	0.75 ± 0.48	762	1.57 *	401	1.75 ± 0.84 *
≥70	162	0.78 ± 0.37	696	1.5 *	417	2.17 ± 0.91 *	123	0.61 ± 0.31	846	1.76 *	469	1.74 ± 0.77 *
Niacin, mg
1–6	37	8.2 ± 4.0	243	8.3	552	16.2 ± 6.5 *	33	7.3 ± 3.6	245	7.6	539	15.2 ± 6.2 *
7–14	63	12.9 ± 5.8	392	12.9	622	23.1 ± 8.9 *	75	10.4 ± 3.6	403	11.5 *	594	20.7 ± 7.8 *
15–19	23	15.8 ± 7.6	201	16.5	360	30.2 ± 14.7 *	29	11.6 ± 5.2	192	13.3	316	19.7 ± 8.3 *
20–29	61	17.1 ± 6.0	304	16.9	363	31.9 ± 15.5 *	84	14.7 ± 9.1	361	13.2	446	22.2 ± 9.5 *
30–39	147	17.5 ± 8.3	540	17.6	394	33.4 ± 14.0 *	185	13.5 ± 4.7	661	13.3	442	22.0 ± 8.2 *
40–49	267	18.3 ± 8.0	537	17.5	407	31.8 ± 13.3 *	292	13.9 ± 5.6	570	14.1	508	20.8 ± 8.1 *
50–59	259	18.1 ± 8.0	587	18.9	407	29.0 ± 13.1 *	301	14.6 ± 7.6	681	15.2	384	20.5 ± 8.3 *
60–69	255	16.6 ± 7.6	664	18.7 *	399	25.7 ± 11.1 *	263	13.9 ± 7.5	762	15.4 *	401	19.6 ± 8.1 *
≥70	162	15.0 ± 7.2	696	16.2 *	417	24.4 ± 10.5 *	123	11.0 ± 4.5	846	13.5 *	469	18.5 ± 8.1 *
Vitamin C, mg
1–6	37	24.8 ± 20.5	243	55 *	552	83 ± 55 *	33	32.8 ± 22.6	245	55 *	539	83 ± 56 *
7–14	63	44.7 ± 45.6	392	83 *	622	77 ± 58 *	75	43.0 ± 37.1	403	79 *	594	82 ± 80 *
15–19	23	109.9 ± 156.0	201	108	360	101 ± 92	29	57.2 ± 44.3	192	91 *	316	79 ± 69 *
20–29	61	62.4 ± 143.2	304	92	363	92 ± 96	84	58.9 ± 40.3	361	105 *	446	84 ± 86 *
30–39	147	66.7 ± 45.2	540	85 *	394	91 ± 79 *	185	62.3 ± 40.9	661	95 *	442	78 ± 67 *
40–49	266	62.1 ± 43.2	537	87 *	407	94 ± 92 *	292	60.5 ± 40.5	570	112 *	508	81 ± 71 *
50–59	259	61.5 ± 44.0	587	115 *	407	93 ± 86 *	301	67.9 ± 50.7	681	144 *	384	85 ± 64 *
60–69	255	68.5 ± 49.3	664	135 *	399	90 ± 88 *	263	72.9 ± 60.5	762	159 *	401	77 ± 60
≥70	162	71.6 ± 52.1	696	131 *	417	89 ± 74 *	123	59.8 ± 40.7	846	142 *	469	82 ± 56 *
Vitamin E, mg
1–6	37	17 ± 11	243	4.9 *	552	4.8 ± 2.6 *	33	17 ± 9	245	4.5 *	539	4.3 ± 2.1 *
7–14	63	23 ± 17	392	6.7 *	622	6.1 ± 3.1 *	75	24 ± 15	403	6.3 *	594	6.2 ± 3.9 *
15–19	23	22 ± 11	201	9.3 *	360	7.7 ± 4.5 *	29	26 ± 15	192	6.9 *	316	5.8 ± 3.0 *
20–29	61	35 ± 20	304	7.9 *	363	8.1 ± 5.6 *	84	30 ± 19	361	6.5 *	446	6.3 ± 3.5 *
30–39	147	32 ± 18	540	7.4 *	394	8.7 ± 4.9 *	185	29 ± 17	661	8.3 *	442	6.9 ± 5.3 *
40–49	267	35 ± 24	537	8.1 *	407	8.7 ± 5.5 *	292	29 ± 17	570	8.9 *	508	6.6 ± 4.3 *
50–59	259	33 ± 22	587	9.5 *	407	8.1 ± 5.1 *	301	27 ± 15	681	8.9 *	384	6.9 ± 4.4 *
60–69	255	30 ± 17	664	9.1 *	399	7.4 ± 4.3 *	263	25 ± 13	762	9.8 *	401	6.7 ± 4.4 *
≥70	162	27 ± 16	696	9.9 *	417	7.7 ± 4.9 *	123	24 ± 14	846	11.8 *	469	6.2 ± 3.7 *

^& REs: Retinol equivalents; * p < 0.04 after FDR adjustment, versus Chinese.