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. 2015 Jul 2;5:11799. doi: 10.1038/srep11799

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(a) The initiating voltage for liquid pumping of a 50 mM KCl as a function of the CWE and tungsten wire electrode (TWE) diameters (CWE diameters: 0.8, 2, 8, 13, 20 μm; TWE diameters: 5, 17, 19, 39, 55 μm). (b) Current-voltage (I-V) response of CWEs immersed in a 50 mM KCl (n = 5, mean ± standard error). (c) I-V response of TWEs immersed in 50 mm KCl (n = 5, mean ± standard error).