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. 2015 Jul 2;5:11816. doi: 10.1038/srep11816

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Total RNA was prepared from uninfected or infected cells at indicated time points and used for reverse transcription and real-time PCR analyses with specific primers to cytokine genes. Reactions were conducted in duplicates, each reaction was repeated at least three times; a representative result is presented. Fold changes were calculated relative to a gene in uninfected and infected cells, which were internally normalized to GAPDH. Fold changes in mRNA levels for IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 (A); and RANTES, IP-10 and MIP-3α (C). Concentrations of the cytokines in the culture media were measured with ELISA for IL-6 and IL-8 (B); and CCL5, IP-10 and MCP-1(D).