Table 1.
Summary of clinical and pathologic characteristics, as well as clonal diagnostic markers, of the cases included in the present study
| Variable | MCL (n = 17) | MALD1 (n =13) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≥ 60 y | 11/17 (65) | 7/13 (54) | 0.711 |
| Males | 7/17 (41) | 7/13 (54) | 0.713 |
| B symptoms | 4/17 (24) | 0/13 (0) | 0.113 |
| Poor performance status (ECOG ≥ 2) Splenomegaly | 3/17 (18) | 0/13 (0) | 0.238 |
| 7/14 (50) | 0/13 (0) | 0.051 | |
| Hemoglobin level, g/L | 117 (67–163) | 155 (94–172) | 0.012 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 183 (50–402) | 200 (114–400) | 0.391 |
| Leukocyte count, ×109/L | 8.5 (3.8–87) | 12.1 (7.0–18.9) | 0.286 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/La | 3.6 (0.7–69) | 6.5 (3.1–12.2) | 0.187 |
| Albumin < 30 g/L | 1/17 (6) | 0/13 (0) | 1 |
| ESR, mm | 39 (7–140) | 12 (2–31) | 0.001 |
| LDH level ≥ 450 IU/L | 3/17 (19) | 1/13 (8) | 0.613 |
| β2-Microglobulin level ≥ 2.1 mg/L | 12/17 (70) | 1/13 (8) | 0.001 |
| Monoclonal component | 3/17 (18) (IgGL, IgMK) | 2/13 (15) (IgGL, IgMK) | 1 |
| Advanced stage (Ann Arbor III–IV) | 15/17 (88) | 13/13 (100) | 0.492 |
| Extranodal involvement | |||
| ≤1 | 10/17 (59) | 10/13 (77) | 0.440 |
| >1 | 7/17 (41) | 3/13 (23) | |
| Bone marrow infiltration (histology and/or cytology) IPI |
13/16 (81) | 10/10 (100) | 0.262 |
| Low risk | 7/17 (41) | 4/13 (31) | 0.356 |
| Low-intermediate risk | 2/17 (12) | 8/13 (61) | |
| High-intermediate risk | 5/17 (29) | 1/13 (8) | |
| High risk | 3/17 (18) | 0/13 (0) | |
| MIPI | |||
| Low risk | 10/17 (59) | 6/13 (46) | 0.872 |
| Intermediate risk | 1/17 (6) | 6/13 (46) | |
| High risk | 6/17 (35) | 1/13 (8) | |
| Diffuse pattern in secondary lymphoid organs | 7/14 (50) | 0/6 (0) | 0.106 |
| Cyclin D1 expression (IHC and/or ICC) | 17/17 (100) | 13/13 (100) | 1 |
| CD5 expression (IHC and/or FC) | 16/16 (100) | 10/13 (77) | 0.070 |
| SOX11 expression (IHC) | 11/11 (100) | 0/5 (0) | <0.001 |
| Percentage of Ki-67–positive cells in secondary lymphoid organs (IHC) | 20 (10–35) | 5 (3–5) | 0.002 |
| t(11;14) alone (CGC) | 2/8 (25) | 5/13 (39) | 0.183 |
| Complex karyotype (CGC) | 4/15 (50) | 1/13 (8) | 0.333 |
| TP53 deletion (FISH) | 3/14 (21) | 1/13 (8) | 0.596 |
| ATM deletion (FISH) | 4/14 (29) | 0/13 (0) | 0.098 |
| MTC rearrangement (PCR) | 4/17 (24) | 5/13 (39) | 0.443 |
| IGHV hypermutated | 4/13 (31) | 12/12 (100) | <0.001 |
| SOX11 expression (qRT-PCR) | 430 (0–1201) | 10 (0–100) | 0.003 |
NOTE: Results are expressed as cases/total cases (%) for the categorical variables and median (range) for continuous variables. For further details, see Supplementary Tables S1 and S2. Parameters showing statistically significant differences between both groups are shown in bold.
Abbreviations: CGC, conventional G-banding cytogenetics; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FC, flow cytometry on peripheral blood; ICC, immunocytochemistry on peripheral blood; IHC, immunohistochemistry on secondary lymphoid organs and/or bone marrow; IPI, international prognostic index; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MIPI, MCL international prognostic index.
Normal values for lymphocyte counts in the hospitals submitting cases ranged from 1 × 109/Lto1.5 × 109/L for minimum values and from 3 × 109/L to 5 × 109/L for maximum values.