Table 2.

Results of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) conducted as preliminary analyses and manipulation checks.

	df	Pillai’s V	F	p	η2
Age
Outcome	1, 122	–	1.30	0.26	0.01
Prime	1, 122	–	0.06	0.81	<0.001
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	3.13	0.08	0.001
Hours of training
Outcome	1, 122	–	0.17	0.68	0.01
Prime	1, 122	–	0.008	0.93	<0.001
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	0.01	0.91	<0.001
Hours of cycling
Outcome	1, 122	–	2.10	0.15	0.01
Prime	1, 122	–	0.24	0.62	0.002
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	0.16	0.69	0.001
Distance in 2-min cycling trial
Outcome	1, 122	–	0.01	0.83	<0.001
Prime	1, 122	–	0.01	0.91	<0.001
Outcome x Prime	1, 122	–	3.01	0.09	0.02
Distance in 8-min cycling trial
Outcome	1, 122	–	0.42	0.52	0.003
Prime	1, 122	–	0.07	0.80	0.001
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	2.08	0.15	0.02
Goal-related variables
Multivariate effects
Outcome	3, 120	0.01	0.43	0.73	0.01
Prime	3, 120	0.01	0.40	0.75	0.01
Outcome × Prime	3, 120	0.03	1.12	0.34	0.03
Goal difficulty
Outcome	1, 122	–	0.77	0.38	0.006
Prime	1, 122	–	0.61	0.44	0.005
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	2.01	0.16	0.02
Goal efficacy
Outcome	1, 122	–	0.02	0.89	<0.001
Prime	1, 122	–	0.05	0.83	<0.001
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	1.88	0.17	0.02
Goal importance
Outcome	1, 122	–	0.17	0.68	0.001
Prime	1, 122	–	0.70	0.40	0.006
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	0.87	0.35	0.007
Goal attainment expectancy
Outcome	1, 122	–	50.55	<0.001	0.29
Prime	1, 122	–	0.32	0.58	0.003
Outcome × Time	1.71, 208.85	–	72.28	<0.001	0.37
Prime × Time	1.71, 208.85	–	0.64	0.53	0.005
Perceptions of actor goal motives
Multivariate effects
Outcome	2, 121	0.002	0.13	0.88	0.002
Prime	2, 121	0.79	225.74	<0.001	0.79
Outcome × Prime	2, 121	0.02	1.33	0.27	0.02
Autonomous goal motives
Outcome	1, 122	–	0.19	0.67	0.002
Prime	1, 122	–	283.41	<0.001	0.70
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	2.08	0.15	0.02
Controlled goal motives
Outcome	1, 122	–	0.10	0.76	0.001
Prime	1, 122	–	236.10	<0.001	0.66
Outcome × Prime	1, 122	–	0.31	0.58	0.003