Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to tertiles of diuretic response (defined as change in weight/[(total i.v. dose)/40 mg] + [(total oral dose)/80 mg)] furosemide up to day 5)
| ≤ −0.75 kg/40 mg (n = 365) | ≥ −0.75 to ≤ −0.22 kg/40 mg (n = 366) | > −0.22 kg/40 mg (n = 366) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and heart failure characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 71.5 (11.5) | 72.7 (10.4) | 72.2 (11.6) | 0.4997 |
| Male | 220 (60.3) | 228 (62.3) | 237 (64.8) | 0.2112 |
| White/Caucasian | 353 (96.7) | 348 (95.1) | 343 (93.7) | 0.0590 |
| Geographic region | <0.0001 | |||
| Eastern EU | 227 (62.2) | 162 (44.3) | 142 (38.8) | |
| Western EU | 58 (15.9) | 57 (15.6) | 80 (21.9) | |
| South America | 27 (7.4) | 28 (7.7) | 14 (3.8) | |
| North America | 25 (6.8) | 35 (9.6) | 41 (11.2) | |
| Israel | 28 (7.7) | 84 (23.0) | 89 (24.3) | |
| LVEF | 39.2 (13.9) | 38.6 (14.8) | 37.9 (14.9) | 0.0906 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 155 (42.5) | 215 (58.7) | 207 (56.6) | 0.0001 |
| Time from presentation to randomization (h) | 7.9 (4.5) | 7.7 (4.6) | 8.0 (4.8) | 0.9190 |
| CHF 1 month prior | 242 (66.3) | 293 (80.1) | 292 (79.8) | <0.0001 |
| NYHA class (I/II/III/IV) 30 days before admission | <0.0001 | |||
| I | 126 (34.6) | 82 (22.6) | 83 (23.1) | |
| II | 108 (29.7) | 112 (30.9) | 73 (20.3) | |
| III | 105 (28.8) | 117 (32.2) | 150 (41.7) | |
| IV | 25 (6.9) | 52 (14.3) | 54 (15.0) | |
| Clinical signs | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.8 (6.0) | 29.4 (5.6) | 28.9 (5.4) | 0.1033 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 145.0 (16.5) | 140.4 (15.3) | 140.7 (16.9) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81.9 (14.4) | 78.2 (13.7) | 76.4 (13.6) | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 81.7 (15.4) | 78.5 (14.6) | 78.1 (14.6) | 0.0008 |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 21.8 (4.4) | 21.8 (4.6) | 22.1 (5.0) | 0.8207 |
| HF hospitalization past year | 96 (26.3) | 131 (35.8) | 154 (42.1) | <0.0001 |
| Congestion at baseline | ||||
| Oedema | 305 (83.6) | 306 (83.8) | 265 (72.4) | <0.0001 |
| Orthopnoea | 350 (96.2) | 352 (96.2) | 350 (95.6) | 0.3781 |
| JVP | 283 (80.4) | 275 (76.8) | 252 (70.2) | 0.0031 |
| Dyspnoea on exertion | 361 (99.7) | 359 (99.7) | 359 (99.4) | 0.0907 |
| Dyspnoea by VAS | 44.6 (20.1) | 43.9 (20.8) | 43.5 (19.6) | 0.1714 |
| Rales | 138 (37.8) | 141 (38.5) | 156 (42.6) | 0.4716 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 312 (85.5) | 323 (88.3) | 312 (85.2) | 0.9256 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 158 (43.3) | 216 (59.0) | 209 (57.1) | 0.0002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 151 (41.4) | 189 (51.6) | 183 (50.0) | 0.0197 |
| Cigarette smoking | 45 (12.3) | 45 (12.3) | 46 (12.6) | 0.9217 |
| Stroke or other cerebrovascular event | 44 (12.1) | 49 (13.4) | 58 (15.8) | 0.1369 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 46 (12.6) | 53 (14.5) | 43 (11.7) | 0.7300 |
| Asthma, bronchitis, or COPD | 46 (12.6) | 54 (14.8) | 72 (19.7) | 0.0086 |
| AF at screening | 176 (48.2) | 147 (40.2) | 133 (36.5) | 0.0014 |
| History of AF or atrial flutter | 207 (56.7) | 187 (51.1) | 183 (50.0) | 0.0694 |
| History of CRT or ICD procedures | 63 (17.3) | 106 (29.0) | 113 (30.9) | <0.0001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 100 (27.4) | 136 (37.2) | 147 (40.2) | 0.0003 |
| Depression | 16 (4.4) | 16 (4.4) | 24 (6.6) | 0.1817 |
| Devices | ||||
| Pacemaker | 33 (9.0) | 41 (11.2) | 44 (12.0) | 0.1937 |
| ICD | 28 (7.7) | 56 (15.3) | 63 (17.2) | 0.0002 |
| Biventricular pacing | 17 (4.7) | 43 (11.7) | 46 (12.6) | 0.0003 |
| Medication (day 0, except nitrates and loop diuretics) | ||||
| ACE inhibitor | 202 (55.3) | 214 (58.5) | 187 (51.1) | 0.2476 |
| ACE inhitor or ARB | 245 (67.1) | 275 (75.1) | 234 (63.9) | 0.3507 |
| ARB | 56 (15.3) | 66 (18.0) | 58 (15.8) | 0.8549 |
| Beta-blocker | 227 (62.2) | 267 (73.0) | 263 (71.9) | 0.0048 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 130 (35.6) | 116 (31.7) | 104 (28.4) | 0.0368 |
| I.v. loop diuretics | 365 (100.0) | 366 (100.0) | 366 (100.0) | NA |
| Digoxin | 85 (23.3) | 53 (14.5) | 74 (20.2) | 0.2952 |
| Nitrates at randomization | 35 (9.6) | 16 (4.4) | 26 (7.1) | 0.1897 |
| Oral loop diuretics 30 days prior to randomization | 25 (31.5) | 47 (52.1) | 67 (93.0) | <0.0001 |
| Baseline labs | ||||
| Sodium, mmol/L | 141.1 (3.6) | 141.0 (3.3) | 140.4 (3.8) | 0.0137 |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.18 (0.45) | 1.19 (0.24) | 1.19 (0.24) | 0.4206 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.27 (0.153) | 2.26 (0.159) | 2.27 (0.150) | 0.6419 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.01 (1.79) | 12.62 (1.92) | 12.71 (1.90) | 0.0244 |
| White blood cell count, ×109/L | 8.168 (2.697) | 7.907 (2.654) | 8.222 (2.927) | 0.8668 |
| Lymphocytes, % | 18.39 (7.98) | 18.71 (8.19) | 17.41 (7.08) | 0.2053 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.32 (0.66) | 4.26 (0.62) | 4.25 (0.63) | 0.2173 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 111.6 (32.2) | 116.6 (32.0) | 122.4 (33.9) | <0.0001 |
| Uric acid, µmol/L | 461.8 (135.9) | 475.5 (125.6) | 495.4 (144.8) | 0.0018 |
| Troponin T, µg/L | 0.035 (0.032, 0.038) | 0.034 (0.032, 0.038) | 0.036 (0.033, 0.039) | 0.2982 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 8.96 (3.36) | 9.78 (3.73) | 10.69 (4.54) | <0.0001 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 1.38(1.34, 1.42) | 1.47 (1.42, 1.51) | 1.54 (1.49, 1.58) | <0.0001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 25.3 (23.7, 27.1) | 21.6 (20.3, 22.9) | 23.1 (21.7, 24.6) | 0.0349 |
| NT-proBNP, ng/L | 5218 (4760, 5720) | 4861 (4417, 5349) | 5107 (4659, 5599) | 0.2983 |
| NT-proBNP, ng/L in patients with AF present at screening | 5566 (4979, 6223) | 5203 (4546, 5955) | 5086 (4455, 5806) | 0.1929 |
| NT-proBNP ng/L in patients with AF not present at screening | 4909 (4247, 5675) | 4645 (4070, 5302) | 5133 (4531, 5814) | 0.9200 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 55.36 (12.45) | 52.91 (13.32) | 51.52 (12.66) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.20 (1.17) | 3.98 (1.17) | 4.06 (1.13) | 0.0624 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 7.34 (3.51) | 7.91 (3.57) | 8.04 (3.71) | 0.0003 |
| Albumin, g/L | 39.99 (4.31) | 40.04 (4.72) | 40.58 (3.87) | 0.1819 |
BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CHF, congestive heart failure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; JVP, jugular venous pressure; NA, not applicable; VAS, visual analogue scale.
a
P-values are for the Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test, except for geographic region for which the Kruskal–Wallis test P-value is presented.