Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of all patients, and low- versus high-risk patients
| All patients | Low-risk patients | High-risk patients | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 200) | (n = 67) | (n = 133) | ||
| Male, n (%) | 152 (76) | 50 (75) | 102 (77) | 0.75 |
| Age (years) | 60 (54–65) | 55 (47–61) | 62 (59–67) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 12 (7–18) | 8 (4–14) | 14 (9–19) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.4 (28.5-35.6) | 31.7 (28.7-35.9) | 31 (28–36) | 0.66 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.6 (6.9-8.8) | 7.9 (7.0-9.0) | 7.5 (6.8-8.8) | 0.09 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 60 (52–73) | 63 (53–75) | 69 (51–73) | 0.09 |
| UAER (mg/24 h) | 103 (39–230) | 105 (44–194) | 97 (38–97) | 0.81 |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI) | 91.0 (76.0-102.0) | 100.0 (86.0-107.0) | 86.0 (74.0-97.5) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129 (118–142) | 130 (116–140) | 129 (119–142) | 0.90 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.8 (3.2-4.5) | 4.0 (3.4-4.8) | 3.8 (3.1-4.4) | 0.048 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.3-2.2) | 1.8 (1.2-2.4) | 1.7 (1.3-2.1) | 0.33 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 0.35 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 59 (30) | 18 (27) | 41 (31) | 0.56 |
| Left ventricle ejection fraction (%) | 60 (57–63) | 60 (57–62) | 60 (57–63) | 0.33 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 19 (10) | 4 (6) | 15 (11) | 0.19 |
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 48.7 (18.6–95.0) | 15.3 (9.3–26.3) | 77.1 (48.7–141.7) | - |
| Coronary artery calcium score | 183 (6–604) | 7 (0–104) | 417 (80–963) | - |
| Treatment with: | ||||
| Oral antidiabetic, n (%) | 170 (85) | 57 (85) | 113 (85) | 0.98 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 124 (62) | 38 (57) | 86 (65) | 0.28 |
| RAAS blockade, n (%) | 196 (98) | 65 (97) | 131 (98) | 0.48 |
| Statin, n (%) | 189 (95) | 62 (93) | 127 (95) | 0.39 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 183 (92) | 58 (87) | 125 (94) | 0.08 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 27 (14) | 2 (3) | 25 (19) | 0.002 |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 80 (40) | 21 (31) | 59 (44) | 0.08 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 128 (64) | 35 (52) | 93 (70) | 0.014 |
High-risk patients = patients with plasma NT-proBNP levels >45.2 ng/L or plasma NT-proBNP levels ≤45.2 ng/L and coronary artery calcium score ≥400, all other low-risk patients
P-values reflect comparison between high- and low-risk patients
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number of patients (%)
UAER: urinary albumin excretion rate; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system