Table 1. Demographic, Behavioral and Quality of Care Indicators among Pregnant Women Infected with HIV, Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance Project, Philadelphia, 2005–2013.
| Total, n (%) n = 836 | 2005–2007 | 2008–2010 | 2011–2013 | p- value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic/Behavioral | |||||
| Age (years) | 0.29 | ||||
| 16–24 | 214 (25.6) | 97 (28.0) | 71 (23.1) | 46 (25.3) | |
| 25–34 | 431 (51.6) | 180 (52.0) | 164 (53.2) | 87 (47.8) | |
| ≥35 | 191 (22.8) | 69 (20.0) | 73 (23.7) | 49 (26.9) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.36 | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 72 (8.6) | 36 (10.4) | 25(8.1) | 11 (6.0) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 661 (79.1) | 271 (78.3) | 244 (79.2) | 146 (80.2) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 68 (8.1) | 24 (6.9) | 24 (7.8) | 20 (11.0) | |
| Other | 35 (4.2) | 15 (4.3) | 15 (4.9) | 5 (2.8) | |
| Insurance | <0.001 | ||||
| Public | 650 (77.7) | 290 (83.8) | 232 (75.3) | 128 (70.3) | |
| Private | 97 (11.6) | 30 (8.7) | 46 (14.9) | 21 (11.5) | |
| Uninsured | 89 (10.6) | 26 (7.5) | 30 (9.7) | 33 (18.1) | |
| Drug Use During Pregnancy | 0.67 | ||||
| Yes | 191 (22.8) | 76 (22.0) | 69 (22.4) | 46 (25.3) | |
| No | 645 (77.2) | 270 (78.0) | 239 (77.6) | 136 (74.7) | |
| Quality of Care Indicators | |||||
| Adequacy of Prenatal Care † | 0.006 | ||||
| Adequate | 325 (38.9) | 153 (44.2) | 108 (35.1) | 64 (35.2) | |
| Intermediate | 319 (38.2) | 113 (32.7) | 120 (39.0) | 86 (47.2) | |
| Inadequate | 192 (23.0) | 80 (23.1) | 80 (26.0) | 32 (17.6) | |
| Timing of HIV Diagnosis | 0.040 | ||||
| Before Pregnancy | 625 (74.8) | 243 (70.2) | 241 (78.3) | 141 (77.5) | |
| During Pregnancy | 211 (25.3) | 103 (29.8) | 67 (21.7) | 41 (22.5) | |
| Receipt of ART * | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 708 (84.7) | 276 (79.8) | 264 (85.7) | 168 (92.3) | |
| No | 128 (15.3) | 70 (20.2) | 44 (14.3) | 14 (7.7) | |
| Viral Suppression at Delivery ** | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 437 (52.3) | 123 (35.6) | 189 (61.4) | 125 (68.7) | |
| No | 399 (47.7) | 223 (64.4) | 119 (38.6) | 57 (31.3) |
*ART = Antiretroviral Therapy. 708 (84.69%) mother-to-child pairs received ART during pregnancy.
**Viral suppression is defined as having a VL(viral load) ≤400 copies/ml. 437 (52.27%) mother-to-child pairs achieved viral suppression at delivery. The HIV VLs > 400 copies/ml include 12.44% missing HIV VL. The VLs were measured during pregnancy and up to 30 days postpartum.
† Adequacy of prenatal care was measured using the Kessner Index which takes in account timing of entry in prenatal care, the number of prenatal visits and the gestational age at delivery. It is a validated measure of quality of prenatal care.