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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Control Release. 2015 May 21;210:208–216. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.278

Fig. 3. M2e specific antibody responses after MN skin or IM immunization with M2e5x VLP or M2e5x protein vaccines.

Fig. 3

BALB/c mice (N=12) were immunized by MN skin or IM route with M2e5x protein or M2e5x VLPs. Sera were collected 3 weeks after prime (p) and boost (b) vaccination. The IgG or IgG isotype antibody levels were detected using human M2e peptide as an ELISA coating antigen. (A) Serum IgG antibody responses specific for human M2e peptide after prime. (B) Serum IgG antibody responses specific for human M2e peptide after boost. (C) IgG isotype antibody responses to human M2e peptide between the M2e5x VLP MN and M2e5x VLP IM groups. Asterisk indicates significant differences between the MN and IM groups of M2e5x VLPs (*: <0.05). Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. MN: microneedle skin immunization, IM: intramuscular immunization using syringe-needle injection.