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. 2015 Jul 3;4:312. doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1106-4

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© Chou et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Effects of lmw-chitosan on CEL concentrations in renal tissues of mice. A Immunostaining of CEL in the mouse kidney. a Control group (Group C); b mice induced by AA (10 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) for 5 days (Group A); c lmw-chitosan-treated AAN mice (Group AM); and d normal mice treated with lmw-chitosan (Group M). CEL staining can be observed in the tubular region of monocytes (arrow). Nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin. Original magnification: ×400 . B ELISA of CEL levels in mouse kidneys. Group C represents the control group. Group A was induced by AA (10 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) for 5 days. Group AM represents lmw-chitosan-treated AAN mice. Group M consisted of normal mice treated with lmw-chitosan. It can be observed that CEL was increased by threefold in Group A, and that this effect was reversed in Group AM. *p < 0.05, compared to Group C; ^# p < 0.05, compared to the Group A, n = 5–6.