Table 1.
Paternal Demographic and Reproductive Characteristics, and ART Treatment Parameters
| All | Embryos Transferred (ETs) | Fetal Heartbeats (FHBs) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–2 | ≥3 | 1 | >1 | |||||
| N, pregnancies | 6,073 | 4,402 | 1,671 | P Value | 5,574 | 499 | P Value | |
| Mother’s Age | Mean years, SD | 35.4 ± 4.5 | 35.0 ± 4.5 | 38.1 ± 3.7 | <0.0001 | 35.7 ± 4.5 | 36.7 ± 4.6 | <0.0001 |
| % <35 | 39.4 | 47.9 | 17.1 | 40.1 | 31.3 | |||
| 35–40 | 45.5 | 41.5 | 56.1 | 45.2 | 49.5 | |||
| >40 | 15.1 | 10.7 | 26.8 | 14.7 | 19.2 | |||
| Father’s Age | Mean years, SD | 37.8± 5.8 | 37.1 ± 5.6 | 39.7 ± 5.8 | <0.0001 | 37.7 ± 5.7 | 38.8 ± 6.1 | <0.0001 |
| % <35 | 29.2 | 34.1 | 16.3 | 29.4 | 27.0 | |||
| 35–40 | 43.8 | 43.7 | 44.1 | 44.2 | 39.6 | |||
| >40 | 26.9 | 22.2 | 39.6 | 26.4 | 33.4 | |||
| Parental Race/Ethnicity | Mother | 85.6 | 85.0 | 87.3 | 0.03 | 85.8 | 84.2 | 0.32 |
| White (%) | Father | 85.8 | 85.6 | 86.4 | 0.46 | 86.0 | 83.0 | 0.06 |
| Parity (%) | 0 | 66.5 | 68.1 | 62.4 | <0.0001 | 66.6 | 65.5 | 0.62 |
| ≥1 | 33.5 | 31.9 | 37.6 | 33.4 | 34.5 | |||
| Infertility Diagnoses (%) | Male factor | 32.7 | 33.8 | 29.7 | 0.002 | 32.5 | 34.3 | 0.43 |
| Endometriosis | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 0.68 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 0.36 | |
| Ovulation disorders | 13.1 | 14.7 | 8.7 | <0.0001 | 13.2 | 11.4 | 0.30 | |
| Dim. Ovarian Reserve | 9.1 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 0.25 | 8.9 | 10.6 | 0.22 | |
| Tubal factors | 14.1 | 13.4 | 15.7 | 0.02 | 14.0 | 14.2 | 0.89 | |
| Uterine factors | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 0.97 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 0.58 | |
| Other factors | 17.1 | 16.4 | 18.9 | 0.02 | 17.1 | 17.0 | 0.98 | |
| Unexplained | 21.8 | 20.6 | 25.0 | <0.0001 | 22.0 | 20.0 | 0.34 | |
| Autologous | Oocyte | 90.6 | 88.5 | 96.2 | <0.0001 | 90.8 | 89.0 | 0.20 |
| Gametes (%) | Semen | 84.9 | 85.1 | 84.4 | 0.002 | 85.0 | 83.1 | 0.20 |
| Micromanipulation (%) | Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection | 38.5 | 37.4 | 41.4 | 0.005 | 38.4 | 39.7 | 0.60 |
| Assisted Hatching | 28.7 | 22.1 | 46.2 | <0.0001 | 28.0 | 37.1 | <0.0001 | |
| Embryo State (%) | Fresh | 87.7 | 87.2 | 88.8 | 0.10 | 87.7 | 87.6 | 0.94 |
| Day of Transfer (%) | 2–3 | 70.6 | 65.9 | 82.7 | <0.0001 | 70.5 | 70.9 | 0.26 |
| 4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.8 | |||
| 5–6 | 9.6 | 12.0 | 3.4 | 9.8 | 7.6 | |||
| Fresh, not specified | 7.1 | 9.0 | 2.2 | 7.0 | 8.2 | |||
| Embryos Transferred | (mean, SD) | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
| Range | 1–10 | 1–2 | 3–10 | 1–10 | 1–10 | |||
| (%) 1 | 14.8 | 20.4 | -- | --- | 16.0 | 57.3* | <0.0001 | |
| 2 | 57.7 | 79.6 | -- | 57.8 | ||||
| 3 | 19.1 | -- | 69.5 | 18.4 | 27.1 | |||
| ≥4 | 8.4 | -- | 30.5 | 7.7 | 15.6 | |||
| Length of Gestation | Mean Weeks, SD | 38.3 ± 2.2 | 38.3 ± 2.2 | 38.4 ± 2.1 | 0.22 | 38.4 ± 2.2 | 38.0 ± 2.5 | <0.0001 |
| (%) Preterm (<37 weeks) | 11.7 | 11.9 | 11.3 | 0.59 | 11.2 | 17.0 | <0.0001 | |
| Birthweight | Mean grams, SD | 3,306 ± 614 | 3,298 ± 618 | 3,325 ± 602 | 0.14 | 3,317 ± 608 | 3,179 ± 666 | <0.0001 |
| (%) Low Birthweight (<2,500 g) | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 0.88 | 7.7 | 12.8 | <0.0001 | |
| Birthweight Z-score | Mean, SD | 0.10 ± 1.0 | 0.10 ± 1.0 | 0.12 ± 1.0 | 0.48 | 0.11 ± 1.0 | −0.02 ± 1.0 | 0.005 |
| (%) ≤1.28 (10th %ile) | 7.1 | 7.0 | 9.1 | 0.08 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 0.91 | |
*
cells combined due to need to suppress small cell numbers