Fig. 2. Machine vision based assessments of fly phenotypes.
a. The robot discriminated flies by sex to 99% accuracy. Top: Guided by real-time machine vision the robot rotated the fly to view the abdomen. Bottom: Another algorithm counted the abdominal bands. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
b. After sex determination, flies underwent analyses of body morphology. Top: Raw image of a fly held by the robot's picker. Inset: Segmentation into head (green) and body (blue) regions. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
c. Top: Histograms (logarithmic y-axis) and Gaussian fits (solid lines) of head and body areas determined as in b. Male Oregon-R (blue); male inbred (orange); female Oregon-R (cyan); female inbred (green). For head and body areas, the size distributions for males and females are markedly distinct for both fly groups. The two genotypes had distinguishable distributions for head and body areas, for males and females (P-values: 10−5–0.05 for all four comparisons between Oregon-R and inbred; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Errors are s.d., estimated as counting errors. Bottom: Gaussian fits (linear y-axis), normalized to unity area to highlight the differences in the corresponding statistical distributions.