Fig. 6.

(A) Schematic of the phospholipid insertion process, where the unbound phospholipid (green tails) associates with the membrane reversibly with rate k_a, thereafter inserts a single tail with rate k₁, followed shortly thereafter by the insertion of the second tail at rate k₂ and headgroup reorganization at rate k_w. The overall process is governed by the summation of these steps, and occurs at an overall rate k_t. (B) Rate comparisons for individual steps from the schematic in (A) between inserting into an HMMM and a conventional full bilayer over different areas per lipid (A_L). Each subpanel i–iv compares the rates for a different step, with a consistent color scheme across panels (blue for conventional bilayers, and red for HMMM bilayers). Adapted from Vermaas and Tajkhorshid (2014b). Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society.