Table 4.
Korean-Chinese | Han Chinese | Vietnamese | |
---|---|---|---|
Model 5a (OR) |
Model 5b (OR) |
Model 5c (OR) |
|
Socioeconomic Factors | |||
Wives’ Education | |||
Below primary school | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Junior high school | .94 | .68*** | .78*** |
High school | 1.01 | .77* | .68*** |
College and above | 1.04 | .90 | .70*** |
Natal Family SES | |||
Poorest (0–2) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Poor (3–4) | 1.17** | .84* | 1.03 |
Middle (5) | 1.16*** | .84* | 1.19*** |
Wealthy (6–10) | 1.34*** | .85 | 1.38*** |
Husbands’ Education | |||
Below primary school | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Junior high school | 1.05 | .95 | 1.003 |
High school | 1.11 | .99 | 1.14 |
College and above | 1.15 | .99 | 1.001 |
Marital Family SES | |||
Poorest (0–2) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Poor (3–4) | 1.26*** | 1.11 | 1.17** |
Middle (5) | 1.58*** | 1.62*** | 1.34*** |
Wealthy (6–10) | 1.82*** | 2.56*** | 2.20*** |
Social Integration | |||
Social Relationships w/ Koreans | |||
None | Ref | Ref | Ref |
One aspect | 1.38*** | 1.23** | 1.15*** |
Two aspects | 1.77*** | 1.73*** | 1.55*** |
Social Relationships w/ Co-ethnics | |||
None | Ref | Ref | Ref |
One aspect | 1.02 | .98 | .83*** |
Two aspects | 1.03 | .97 | .79*** |
Language Skills | |||
Korean Proficiency scale | 1.31*** | 1.15*** | 1.23*** |
Citizenship Status | |||
Not yet acquired | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Acquired citizenship | .76*** | .84** | .73*** |
Length of Stay | |||
0–2 years | Ref | Ref | Ref |
2–5 years | .86** | .74*** | .84*** |
5–10 years | .79*** | .75*** | .75*** |
More than 10 years | .79*** | .62*** | .64* |
p<.05,
p<.01,
p<.001
Note: After controlling for wives’ own monthly income, household monthly income, wives’ age, husbands’ age, perceived discrimination, marriage channel, economic hardship, and marital status.