Table 4.

The phylogenetic analyses under the suborder taxa of Hemiptera.

Classification	Level	Viewpoint	Reference
Cicadomorpha: Cercopidae and Aphrophoridae	family	The monophyly of five Callitettixini species.	[35]
Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae, whiteflies	genus	Four types of the mitochondrial gene rearrangements among whiteflies were corresponding to the branches of phylogenetic tree.	[22]
Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae, aphids	subfamily	Treat pterocommatines as members of Macrosiphini.	[62]
Heteroptera: Reduviidae	subfamily	The monophyly of Reduviidae and the Peiratinae presents a sister position to the Triatominae + (Salyavatinae + Harpactorinae).	[57]
Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha	superfamily	The monophyly of Pentatomoidea, Pyrrhocoroidea, Lygaeoidea, and Coreoidea; Aradoidea and the Trichophora are sister groups.	[23]
Heteroptera: Nepomorpha	superfamily	Pleoidea is not a member of the Nepomorpha and Aphelocheiroidea should be grouped back into Naucoroidea.	[19]
Heteroptera: Nabidae	subfamily	Three tribes from two subfamilies of Nabidae.	[24]
Heteroptera	intraorder	The paraphyly of Cimicomorpha, and within Reduviidae, Harpactorinae is a sister group to the Salyavatinae + Triatominae.	[54]
Heteroptera	intraorder	The paraphyly of Cimicomorpha, and Reduviidae was paraphyletic with respect to Anthocoridae and Miridae.	[60]
Heteroptera	intraorder	The sister-relationship within the individual infraorders are supported for the Pentatomomorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha and Gerromorpha; Stenopirates sp. (Enicocephalomorpha) is the sister group to all the remaining Heteroptera.	[45]
Heteroptera	intraorder	Two Gerromorpha superfamilies were monophyletic in the basal position of these five infraorders. Within Cimicomorpha, Reduviidae was paraphyletic with respect to Anthocoridae and Miridae.	[47]
Heteroptera	intraorder	Stenopirates sp. was the sister group to all the remaining Heteroptera; the sister relationships within Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha.	[49]