Table 1.
H2 production from various substrates by hyperthermophilic eubacterium T. neapolitana. B = batch; FB = fed-batch; AA = Acetic acid; LA = Lactic acid; EtOH = Ethanol.
| Carbon Source | Substrate Load (g/L) | Culture Type | T(°C)/Start pH | Mixing Speed (rpm) | Reactor Volume (mL) | Working Volume (mL) | H2 Yield | Byproducts | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | 5 | B | 80/7.5 | 250 | 3800 | 1000 | 2.8 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [22] |
| Glucose | 5 | B | 80/7.1 | 250 | 2400 | 600 | 3.5 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol glucose a | AA, LA, CO2 | [45] |
| Glucose | 10 | B | 72/7.0 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 3.5 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [50] |
| Glucose | 20 | B | 72/7.0 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 3.4 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [50] |
| Glucose/Fructose 7:3 | 10 | B | 72/7.0 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 3.3 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [50] |
| Glucose/Fructose 7:3 | 20 | B | 72/7.0 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 3.0 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [50] |
| Fructose | 10 | B | 72/7.0 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 3.4 mol H2/mol fructose | AA, LA, CO2 | [50] |
| Fructose | 20 | B | 72/7.0 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 3.2 mol H2/mol fructose | AA, LA, CO2 | [50] |
| Carrot pulp hydrolysate | 10 | B | 72/7 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 2.7 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2, EtOH | [50] |
| Carrot pulp hydrolysate | 20 | B | 72/7 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 2.4 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2, EtOH | [50] |
| Glycerol | 5 | B | 75/7.5 | - | 120 | 40 | 2.7 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol glycerol | AA, LA, CO2 | [64] |
| Molasses | 20 | B | 77/8.5 | 100 | 116 | 40 | 2.6 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [65] |
| Cheese whey | 12.5 | B | 77/8.5 | 100 | 116 | 40 | 2.4 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [65] |
| Diatom b water soluble sugars | 2 | B | 80/7.5–8 | 250 | 3800 | 500 | 1.9 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [66] |
| Glucose | 5 | B | 80/8.0 | 200 | 120 | 60 | 3.8 ± 0.4 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [67] |
| Arabinose | 5 | B | 80/8.0 | 200 | 120 | 60 | 3.8 ± 0.5 mol H2/mol arabinose | AA, LA, CO2 | [67] |
| Xylose | 5 | B | 80/8.0 | 200 | 120 | 60 | 3.4 ± 0.3 mol H2/mol xylose | AA, LA, CO2 | [67] |
| Potato steam peels | 10 | B | 75/6.9 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 3.8 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [68] |
| Glycerol | 2.5 | B | 80/7.3 | 200 | 120/240 | 25/50 | 2.6 mol H2/mol glycerol | AA, LA, CO2 | [69] |
| Rice straw | 10 | B | 75/7.5 | 150 | 120 | 40 | 2.7 mmol H2/g straw | - | [70] |
| Algal c starch | 5 | B | 75/7–7.4 | 150 | 120 | 40 | 2.5 ± 0.3 mol H2/mol glucose | - | [71] |
| Glycerol | 1–10 | B | 75/7.5 | - | 120 | 40 | 620 ± 30 mL H2/L glycerol | AA, LA, CO2 | [72] |
| Xylose | 5 | B | 75/7.5 | 300 | 3000 | 1000 | 2.8 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol xylose | AA, LA, CO2 | [76] |
| Glucose/Xylose 7:3 | 10–28 | B | 80/6.8 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 2.5–3.3 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [77] |
| Cellulose | 10–28 | B | 80/6.8 | 350 | 2000 | 1000 | 2.0–3.2 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [77] |
| Xylose | 5 | B | 75/7.0 | 300 | 3000 | 1000 | 1.8 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol xylose | AA, LA, CO2 | [78] |
| Glucose | 7.5 | B | 77/8.5 | 100 | 119 | 40 | 1.3 ± 0.1 mmol H2/g glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [79] |
| Molasses | 20 | B | 77/8.5 | 100 | 119 | 40 | 1.8 ± 0.1 mol H2/g glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [79] |
| Cheese whey | 12.5 | B | 77/8.5 | 100 | 119 | 40 | 1.04 ± 0.05 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [79] |
| Glucose | 5 | FB | 75/7.5 | 300 | 3000 | 1000 | 3.2 ± 0.2 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [80] |
| Xylose | 5 | FB | 75/7.5 | 300 | 3000 | 1000 | 2.2 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol xylose | AA, LA, CO2 | [80] |
| Sucrose | 5 | FB | 75/7.5 | 300 | 3000 | 1000 | 4.9 ± 0.2 mol H2/mol sucrose | AA, LA, CO2 | [80] |
| Glucose | 2.5 | B | 77/7.5 | 75 | 160 | 50 | 3.8 ± 0.3 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [81] |
| Glucose | 5 | B | 70/8.5 | 75 | 160 | 50 | 24% H2 (v/v) headspace d | CO2 | [82] |
| Glucose | 7 | B | 77/7.5 | 150 | 120 | 40 | 3.2 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, LA, CO2 | [83] |
| Xylose | 4 | B | 77/7.5 | 150 | 120 | 40 | 2.2 ± 0.1 mol H2/mol xylose | AA, LA, CO2 | [83] |
| Glucose | 5 | B | 70/8.5 | - | 160 | 50 | 25%–30% H2 (v/v) headspace d | AA, LA, CO2 | [84] |
| Cellulose e | 5 | B | 75–80/7.5 | 150 | 120 | 50 | 0.25 ± 0.01 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, CO2 | [85] |
| Cellulose derivative | 5 | B | 75–80/7.5 | 150 | 120 | 50 | 0.77 ± 0.04 mol H2/g glucose | AA, CO2 | [85] |
| Cellulose | 5 | B | 80/7.5 | 150 | 120 | 40 | 2.2 mol H2/mol glucose | AA, CO2 | [85] |
| Starch | 5 | B | 75–80/7.5 | 150 | 120 | 50 | 1.4 ± 0.1 mL H2/g glucose | AA, CO2 | [85] |
a excluding the estimated contribution from protein; b Thalassiosira weissflogii; c Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; d yield not reported; e Miscanthus giganteus.