Table 2.

Applications of nanofibers loaded with MNPs.

Source of Nanofiber	Kind of MNPs	Technology	Application	In Vitro and in Vivo	Reference
Chitosan / poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)	Fe3O4	ES	Bone regeneration	MG63 human osteoblast–like cells	[83]
Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and poly(lactic acid) (PLA)	Super-paramagnetic Fe2O3 nanoparticles	ES	Bone tissue formation and remodeling in rabbit defects	White rabbit model of lumbar transverse defects	[32]
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)	MNPs	ES	Bone regeneration	Osteoblastic cells and subcutaneously implanted in rats	[73]
Hydroxyapatite (HA)	MNPs	Immersion of MNPs into HA scaffold	Bone repair	ROS 17/2.8 and MC3T3-E1 cells	[84]
Magnetic poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)	Fe3O4	ES	Enhanced effects on cell attachment and proliferation	MC3T3-E1	[85]
Poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA)	Superpara-magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)	ES	Cell proliferation and induction of the cell orientation	Osteoblast cells	[86]
Chitosan	E-CHS-Fe3O4	ES	Hyperthermia treatment of tumor cells	HFL1 and caco-2 cells	[87]
Cross-linked chitosan	Fe3O4	ES by iminodiacetic acid (IDA)	Reduction of tumor cell proliferation	Tumor cells	[88]
Polystyrene (PS) and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA)	Magnetic NP-nanofibers (NF)	ES with surface-embedded T cell receptor ligand	Isolation and activation of primary CD3+ T lymphocytes	Lymph nodes harvested from C57BL/6 mice	[89]
Porous hydroxyapatite composite	Up-conversion of luminescent and MNPs	ES	Indomethacin, T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, and luminescent nanoparticles	MC 3T3-E1 cells	[90]
Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals within PCL	Doped with gadolinium (Gd)	ES	In situ monitoring of bone tissue regeneration by MR	Human mesenchymal stem cells	[91]
Amphiphilic peptide	Macrocyclic Gd (III)	β-sheet amino acid sequence	MRI	Tibialis anterior muscle of a murine model	[92]