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. 2015 Jun 15;6:7416. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8416

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A typical indentation force-displacement curve showing approach and retraction segments and pull-off force obtained on a macroporous SMP membrane. Inset shows diagram of macropore recovery during retraction of indenter due to pull-off force caused by van der Waals interactions and the capillary force induced by the capillary-condensed water meniscus layer between the indenter tip and the SMP membrane.