Table 2.
Effect of esmolol on microcirculation of the E group compared to the C group
| Time | −60 min | 60 min | 270 min | Group effect | Time effect | Time/group effect | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Control | Esmolol | Control | Esmolol | Control | Esmolol | P value | P value | P value | ||||||
| Gut | |||||||||||||||
| MFI of the gut | 2.6 | (2.5 - 2.9) | 2.8 | (2.5 - 2.9) | 1.5 | (1.3 - 1.6) | 1.8 | (1.4 - 1.8) | 1.1 | (0.8 - 1.7) | 2 | (1.7 - 2.1) | 0.129 | <0.001 | 0.200 |
| Ratio of perfused villi | 0.9 | (0.8 - 1) | 1 | (0.9 - 1) | 0.7 | (0.6 - 0.7) | 0.7 | (0.6 - 0.8) | 0.5 | (0.4 - 0.7) | 0.8 | (0.8 - 0.9) | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.025 |
| Heterogeneity index of the gut | 10.3 | (3 - 8.7) | 18.8 | (11.4 - 26.1) | 68.6 | (35.4 - 86.9) | 48.6 | (31.4 - 67.9) | 81.8 | (60 - 136.4) | 73.5 | (61.3 - 78) | 0.267 | 0.001 | 0.376 |
| Sublingual | |||||||||||||||
| TVD (n⋅mm) | 18 | (17.6 - 18.3) | 16.1 | (14.9 - 17.8) | 12,9 | (11,7 - 14,2) | 11.4 | (11.1 - 11.8) | 15.9 | (14.7 - 17) | 15.9 | (15.6 - 15.6) | 0.270 | 0.822 | 0.931 |
| TVD small vessels (n⋅mm) | 14.7 | (14.2 - 15.6) | 12.3 | (12.3 - 12.6) | 11.8 | (11.1 - 13.7) | 10.3 | (9.8 - 11.5) | 12.8 | (12.1 - 14.3) | 12.2 | (12.1 - 13.7) | 0.074 | 0.262 | 0.141 |
| TVD other vessels (n⋅mm) | 2.4 | (2 - 3) | 3.4 | (2.4 - 4.4) | 0,6 | (0,5 - 1,3) | 1.0 | (0.8 - 1.2) | 2.5 | (2 - 2.9) | 3 | (2.2 - 3.4) | 0.022 | 0.074 | 0.151 |
| PPV small vessels | 94.1 | (92.7 - 95.5) | 87.3 | (75.2 - 89.8) | 63.7 | (55.2 - 68.1) | 64.6 | (49.8 - 67.6) | 75.5 | (71.9 - 80.4) | 77.5 | (69.1 - 88.4) | 0.568 | 0.183 | 0.212 |
| PPV other vessels | 100 | (98.6 - 100) | 98 | (95.5 - 99.9) | 92.7 | (68.4 - 98.7) | 98.5 | (84.5 - 99.9) | 97.4 | (88.6 - 100) | 96.8 | (84.4 - 100) | 0.772 | 0.63 | 0.757 |
| MFI small vessels | 2.8 | (2.6 - 2.9) | 2.7 | (2.5 - 2.8) | 1.7 | (1.6 - 2.0) | 1.5 | (1.3 - 1.7) | 2 | (1.9 - 2.3) | 2.1 | (1.6 - 2.6) | 0.528 | 0.07 | 0.542 |
| MFI other vessels | 3 | (3 - 3) | 2.9 | (2.8 - 3) | 2.8 | (2.8 - 2.9) | 2.9 | (2.8 - 2.9) | 2.8 | (2.7 - 2.9) | 2.8 | (2.7 - 3) | 0.552 | 0.051 | 0.491 |
| Heterogeneity index | 8.9 | (4.4 - 17.1) | 18 | (6.5 - 26.8) | 56.8 | (38.6 - 97.4) | 72.8 | (37.8 - 78.9) | 42 | (29 - 60.7) | 26.1 | (18.2 - 33.5) | 0.401 | 0.012 | 0.08 |
Gut microcirculatory parameters were performed on the ileal mucosa through a stoma. Sublingual microcirculation was measured at the base of the tongue. The cut-off value to differentiate small vessels and other vessels is 20 μm. Density of vessel is performed by the De Backer score: six lines cross the image and three vertical and three horizontal vessels that cross the line are considered. The total of vessels crossing lines over total line length shows the density of vessels
TVD, Total vessels density; MFI of the gut, Mean Flow Index of the ileal mucosa; MFI small vessels, sublingual Mean Flow Index of small vessels; MFI other vessels, Mean Flow Index of other vessels; Density small vessels, density of small vessels; Density other vessels, density of other vessels; PPV small vessels, proportion of perfused vessels for small vessels; PPV other vessels, proportion of perfused vessels for other vessels