Viral loads, HBV antigens, and antibodies in coculture of HepG2.2.15 with IL-33-stimulated PBMCs. HepG2.2.15 cells were cocultured alone, treated with IL-33 (1 ng/mL), cocultured with PBMCs, IL-33, and PBMCs or IL-33/PBMCs/anti-IL-21, respectively. The levels of HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, HBsAb, and HBeAb, as well as anti-HBs and anti-HBe IgG and IgM were detected. (a) Viral loads of HBV DNA were determined in the medium using qPCR on days 1, 3, or 6 post coculture. (b) Concentrations of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, and HBeAb in the medium were detected using ELISA. (c) The concentration of IgG in cell culture supernatant. There was no detectable anti-HBsAb and anti-HBeAb as well as anti-HBs and anti-HBe IgG and IgM in the supernatants of cultured HepG2.2.15 cells and IL-33-treated HepG2.2.15 cells (data not shown). The statistical significance of the data was determined using the Mann–Whitney U nonparametric test. *p<0.05 vs. the Control. ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.