Skip to main content
. 2015 Jul 1;93(7):446–456. doi: 10.2471/BLT.14.150565

Table 1. Countries and surveys included in a global analysis of food energy supply and body weight, 1971–2010.

Country
 Income level of country
 Year
Age range, years
 Food energy supply,
kJ/day
First survey Second survey Survey 1 Survey 2 First survey Second survey First survey Change Excess at the first survey
Algeria Upper-MIC 1986 2003 Cross-sectional survey STEPS Survey 16–65 25–64 11 385 1 464 2 958
Australia HIC 1995 2007 National Nutrition Survey National Health Survey ≥ 18 ≥ 18 12 929 594 2 987
Bangladesh LIC 1996 2007 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 8 849 1 423 506
Barbados HIC 1995 2000 ICSHIB Study Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey ≥ 25 18–96 11 996 −146 2 414
Belgium HIC 1986 1991 WHO MONICA WHO MONICA 25–34 25–34 14 439 515 4 008
Benin LIC 1996 2001 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 9 929 54 715
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Lower-MIC 1994 2008 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 8 376 544 −285
Burkina Faso LIC 1993 1998 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 10 092 −109 728
Cambodia LIC 2000 2010 National Demographic Health Survey STEPS Survey 15–49 25–64 8 908 1 059 197
Cameroon Lower-MIC 1998 2004 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 8 870 774 −649
Canada HIC 1971 2008 Nutrition Canada Survey Canadian Community Health Survey 20–69 ≥ 18 12 159 2 339 2 636
Chad LIC 1996 2004 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 7 740 895 −1 665
Chile HIC 2003 2009 National Health Survey National Health Survey ≥ 17 ≥ 15 12 067 100 2 665
China Upper-MIC 1991 2000 China Health and Nutrition Survey Cross-sectional survey 20–45 35–74 10 447 1 548 1 996
Colombia Upper-MIC 1995 2005 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 10 837 188 2 510
Czech Republic HIC 1993 2002 Health Status of the Czech Population Survey Health Status of the Czech Population Survey 15–75 15–75 12 719 833 2 653
Denmark HIC 1983 1991 WHO MONICA WHO MONICA 25–64 25–64 12 740 862 2 795
Dominican Republic Upper-MIC 1991 1996 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 9 025 301 749
Egypt Lower-MIC 1992 2005 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 13 142 741 3 284
Eritrea LIC 1995 2003 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 6 569 −63 −2 272
Ethiopia LIC 2000 2005 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 7 565 761 −1 343
Fiji Upper-MIC 1980 2004 National Food and Nutrition Survey STEPS Survey (National Nutrition Survey) 18–55 18–55 10 372 2 301 88
Finland HIC 1987 1997 Cross-sectional population survey Cross-sectional population survey 25–64 25–64 12 318 849 2 289
France HIC 1986 2009 WHO MONICA National Epidemiological Survey 35–64 ≥ 18 14 707 67 5 067
Gabon Upper-MIC 2000 2009 National Demographic Health Survey STEPS Survey 15–49 15–64 11 234 251 2 653
Germany HIC 1983 2009 WHO MONICA Microcensus – Health Questions 25–64 ≥ 18 14 267 582 4 305
Ghana Lower-MIC 1993 2003 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 9 468 1 289 213
Haiti LIC 1994 2005 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 7 163 703 −1 929
Hungary Upper-MIC 1982 1987 WHO MONICA WHO MONICA 25–64 25–64 14 836 753 4 640
Iceland HIC 1983 1993 WHO MONICA WHO MONICA 25–64 25–64 13 334 −343 2 757
India Lower-MIC 1998 2007 National Demographic Health Survey STEPS Survey 15–49 15–64 9 657 113 715
Indonesia Lower-MIC 1983 2001 Cross-sectional survey STEPS Survey 15–49 15–65 9 615 276 1 423
Iran (Islamic Republic of) Upper-MIC 2004 2009 STEPS Survey STEPS Survey 15–65 15–64 13 129 25 3 540
Ireland HIC 1985 2009 Cross-sectional survey National Adult Nutrition Survey 35–64 18–64 14 966 109 5 209
Israel HIC 1985 2000 WHO MONICA National Health and Nutrition Survey 25–64 25–64 13 979 728 4 284
Italy HIC 1983 1993 WHO MONICA WHO MONICA 25–64 25–64 14 493 71 4 749
Jordan Upper-MIC 1997 2002 Cross-sectional survey National Demographic Health Survey ≥ 25 15–49 11 355 720 2 778
Kazakhstan Upper-MIC 1995 1999 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 13 117 −3 778 4 448
Kenya LIC 1993 2003 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 7 954 444 −1 318
Lebanon Upper-MIC 1997 2009 National cross-sectional survey National cross-sectional survey ≥ 20 ≥ 20 12 924 268 2 983
Madagascar LIC 1997 2005 National Demographic Health Survey STEPS Survey 15–49 25–64 8 732 155 −67
Malawi LIC 1983 2009 Cross-sectional survey STEPS Survey ≥ 15 25–64 9 012 686 −690
Malaysia Upper-MIC 1996 2005 National Health & Morbidity Survey STEPS Survey ≥ 20 25–64 12 355 −481 3 745
Mali LIC 1995 2006 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 9 021 1 155 −322
Malta HIC 1984 2006 WHO MONICA Lifestyle Survey 25–64 18–65 12 711 1 682 3 130
Mauritania Lower-MIC 2000 2006 National Demographic Health Survey STEPS Survey 15–49 15–64 11 351 59 1 636
Mongolia Lower-MIC 2005 2009 STEPS Survey STEPS Survey 15–64 15–64 9 410 774 −891
Morocco Lower-MIC 1992 2003 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 12 117 1 331 2 611
Mozambique LIC 1997 2003 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 8 263 247 −728
Nepal LIC 1996 2007 National Demographic Health Survey STEPS Survey 15–49 15–64 9 234 674 766
Netherlands HIC 2000 2009 Health Survey Health Survey 15–65 15–65 13 389 255 2 941
New Zealand HIC 1982 2009 WHO MONICA NZ Adult Nutrition Survey 35–64 15–71 12 878 389 3 234
Niger LIC 1992 2006 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 8 142 1 598 −1 025
Nigeria Lower-MIC 1999 2003 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 11 109 −134 1 741
Norway HIC 1990 2001 Prospective population-based survey Prospective population-based survey ≥ 20 20–79 13 196 992 3 280
Peru Upper-MIC 1991 2009 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 9 075 1 653 874
Poland HIC 1983 1992 WHO MONICA WHO MONICA 35–64 35–64 14 046 243 4 339
Rwanda LIC 2000 2005 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 7 812 674 −1 385
Saudi Arabia HIC 1996 2004 Cross-sectional survey STEPS Survey ≥ 19 25–64 12 247 519 1 448
Senegal Lower-MIC 1992 2005 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 9 427 506 −155
South Africa Upper-MIC 1998 2003 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–65 15–65 11 929 397 2 243
Sweden HIC 1985 2001 WHO MONICA INTERGENE Project 25–64 25–64 12 456 636 2 703
Switzerland HIC 1985 1994 WHO MONICA WHO MONICA 35–64 25–64 14 242 −310 4 590
Togo LIC 1998 2010 National Demographic Health Survey STEPS Survey 15–49 15–64 9 150 736 −469
Turkey Upper-MIC 1993 2003 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 15 531 −602 7 251
United Kingdom HIC 1993 2009 Health Survey for England Health Survey for England ≥ 16 ≥ 16 13 468 891 3 724
United States HIC 1972 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 20–74 20–74 12 770 3 213 2 979
Uzbekistan Lower-MIC 1996 2002 National Demographic Health Survey Health Examination Survey 15–49 15–49 12 242 −2 615 2 803
Zimbabwe LIC 1994 1999 National Demographic Health Survey National Demographic Health Survey 15–49 15–49 8 037 280 −1 343

LIC: low-income country; Lower-MIC: lower-middle-income country; HIC: high-income country; ICSHIB: the International Comparative Study of Hypertension in Blacks; Upper-MIC: upper-middle-income country; WHO: World Health Organization.

Note: Estimations of population energy requirements were performed for each country using the Institute of Medicine equations for males and females.22 Energy excess was calculated by subtracting energy requirements at the first survey from the energy supply at the same survey.