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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Jun 8;39(7):1166–1173. doi: 10.1111/acer.12766

Table 1.

Offspring, parent and family characteristics: Sample sizes (%) and Means (SD)

Total Sample
(n=1828)
Father
DD/AD
(n=951)
MZ uncle
DD/AD
(n=236)
DZ uncle
DD/AD
(n=218)
Neither
DD/AD
(n=423)
Offspring substance involvement

Alcohol initiation, n (%) 1531 (83.9) 814 (85.9) 200 (84.8) 178 (82.0) 339 (80.1)
  Age of initiation, M (SD) 15.9 (2.7) 15.6 (2.7) 16.2 (2.5) 15.8 (2.9) 16.2 (2.6)
Any DSM-IV AD symptom 1015 (55.5) 561 (59.0) 135 (57.2) 113 (51.8) 206 (48.7)
  Age at 1st symptom, M (SD), of those with 1+ symptom 18.9 (2.9) 18.7 (2.9) 19.0 (2.9) 18.7 (2.8) 19.2 (2.9)
DSM-IV AD 259 (14.2) 163 (17.2) 35 (14.8) 19 (8.7) 42 (10.0)
  Age at 3rd symptom, M (SD), of those with AD 20.0 (3.0) 20.0 (3.0) 19.8 (2.6) 20.8 (3.8) 20.1 (2.7)

Parental Separation

Parental separation 381 (20.8) 254 (26.7) 32 (13.6) 39 (17.9) 56 (13.2)
Offspring age at parental separation 7.3 (4.8) 7.3 (4.9) 5.7 (4.2) 8.2 (4.0) 7.6 (4.9)

Offspring characteristics

Offspring age, M (SD) 21.4 (4.3) 21.5 (4.3) 21.4 (4.3) 20.7 (4.1) 21.4 (4.4)
Offspring sex, n (%) male 911 (49.9) 483 (50.8) 116 (49.2) 109 (50.5) 203 (48.1)
3+ conduct disorder symptoms 117 (6.5) 79 (8.4) 9 (3.8) 6 (2.8) 23 (5.5)
5+ depression symptoms 271 (14.8) 162 (17.0) 29 (12.3) 22 (10.1) 58 (13.7)
Suicidality 438 (24.2) 236 (25.1) 59 (25.1) 44 (20.4) 99 (23.7)
Social Phobia 214 (11.7) 118 (12.2) 32 (13.6) 20 (9.2) 44 (10.4)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 153 (8.4) 86 (9.1) 20 (8.5) 17 (7.9) 30 (7.2)
2+ panic attacks 172 (9.5) 97 (10.3) 26 (11.1) 16 (7.4) 33 (7.9)
Childhood trauma 530 (29.3) 297 (31.5) 60 (25.5) 61 (28.2) 112 (26.9)
Childhood rape/molestation 141 (7.8) 78 (8.3) 18 (7.7) 15 (7.0) 30 (7.2)
Childhood physical abuse/neglect 102 (5.6) 76 (8.0) 6 (2.6) 5 (2.3) 15 (3.6)
Inattention (mother report, of 1488 offspring with mother inattention report) 117 (7.9) 67 (8.7) 22 (11.5) 6 (3.4) 22 (6.3)
Hyperactivity (mother report, of 1485 offspring with mother hyperactivity report) 53 (3.6) 33 (4.3) 6 (3.2) 6 (3.4) 8 (2.3)
Oppositional-Defiant (mother Report, of 1433 offspring with mother ODD report) 204 (14.2) 123 (16.7) 30 (16.3) 17 (10.0) 34 (9.9)

Family Background

Mother AD (of 1703 mothers with AD self-report) 171 (10.0) 120 (13.6) 14 (6.5) 17 (8.4) 20 (5.0)
Mother heavy cannabis use (of 1646 mothers with cannabis self-report) 67 (4.1) 49 (5.8) 3 (1.4) 8 (4.1) 7 (1.8)
Family income
  Less than $20,000 49 (2.7) 39 (4.2) 3 (1.3) 3 (1.4) 4 (1.0)
  $20,000–$100,000 1432 (79.8) 767 (81.7) 189 (82.5) 166 (78.7) 310 (74.7)
  Greater than $100,000 313 (17.5) 133 (14.2) 37 (16.2) 42 (19.9) 101 (24.3)

Note. DD = drug dependent; AD = alcohol dependent.

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