Table 3.
Hazard Ratios and (95% Confidence Intervals) from Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models of First DSM-IV Alcohol Dependence Symptom from First Standard Drink of Alcohol
Predictor (risk period) | Model I | Model II | Model IIIa |
---|---|---|---|
Risk Group | |||
1. Father DD or AD | 1.20 (1.02 – 1.41) | 1.22 (1.03 – 1.43) | 1.19 (1.01 – 1.41) |
2. Father unaffected, MZ uncle DD or AD | 1.30 (1.04 – 1.64) | 1.31 (1.04 – 1.65) | 1.36 (1.09 – 1.71) |
3a. Father unaffected, DZ uncle DD | 0.95 (0.72 – 1.26) | ⊤ 1.19 (0.95 – 1.48) ⊥ |
⊤ 1.18 (0.94 – 1.48) ⊥ |
3b. Father unaffected, DZ uncle AD | 1.36 (1.03 – 1.78) | ||
4. Father and uncle unaffected (referent group) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Parental separation | -- | 0.89 (0.77 – 1.03) | 0.81 (0.68 – 0.95) |
Note. DD= drug dependent; AD = alcohol dependent. Differences between Risk Groups 1–3 non-significant except Model I, Risk Group 2>3a and 3b>3a, p < 0.05.
Controlling for maternal AD and history of cannabis use, offspring sex and birth cohort, family income, mother report of offspring inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder, and offspring self-report of conduct disorder, depression, suicidality, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, childhood trauma, childhood physical abuse/neglect and childhood rape/molestation, and age at first standard drink of alcohol. See Supplementary Table 2 for individual hazards.