Table 2.
Drug Category | Risk for Drug-Induced Lupus | |||
High | Moderate | Low | Very Low | |
Antiarrhythmics | Procainamide | Quinidine | Disopyramide, propafenone, amiodarone | |
Antihypertensives | Hydralazine | Methyldopa, captopril, acebutolol | Enalapril, lisinopril, clonidine, atenolol, labetalol, pindolol, minoxidil, prazosin | |
Antipsychotics | Chlorpromazine | Phenelzine, chlorprothixene, lithium | ||
Antibiotics | Isoniazid, minocycline | Nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole, quinine | ||
Anticonvulsants | Carbamazepine | Clobazam, phenytoin, trimethadione, primidone, ethosuximide, valproic acid | ||
Antithyroid | Propylthiouracil | |||
Diuretics | Chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide | |||
Biologics | TNF-α inhibitors | IFN-α | ||
Miscellaneous | Statins, levodopa, aminoglutethimide, timolol drops, ticlodipine |
Modified from ref. 73.