Figure 4.

Effect of race/ethnicity, sex, age, comorbidities, dialysis duration, and body mass index on the association between change in pulse pressure during hemodialysis and all-cause mortality. All-cause death hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing change in PP categories (Ref: ethnicity, sex, baseline age (A), presence or absence of DM, IHD, CHF (B), dialysis duration, and baseline body mass index categories (C) for SBP plus case mix plus MICS–adjusted models. The change in PP was defined as postdialysis PP minus predialysis PP. The model included adjustment for entry calendar quarter, predialysis systolic BP, age, sex, race/ethnicity, presence of diabetes mellitus, nine preexisting comorbidities, history of tobacco smoking, dialysis duration categories, primary insurance, types of vascular access, dialysis dose as indicated by single pool Kt/V, ultrafiltration percentage, body mass index, serum levels of albumin, creatinine, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, calcium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, hemoglobin, and white blood cells, and lymphocyte percentage. CHF, chronic heart failure; Diff, difference; DM, diabetes mellitus; IHD, ischemic heart disease; MICS, malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome; PP, pulse pressure; Ref, reference; SBP, systolic blood pressure.