Table 3.
Multivariable analysis of variables associated with the two measures of early progressive renal decline in the 370 participants with type 1 diabetes
| Baseline Clinical Characteristic | Early GFR Lossa | Advanced CKDb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted P Value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted P Value | |
| Female sex | 1.43 (0.66 to 3.13) | 0.37 | 1.91 (1.06 to 3.45) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes duration | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.01) | 0.12 | 1.03 (0.90 to 1.06) | 0.16 |
| Systolic BP | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.03) | 0.81 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.64 |
| Diastolic BP | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.11) | 0.16 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.04) | 0.79 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 1.27 (1.00 to 1.61) | 0.05 | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.18) | 0.75 |
| Triglycerides | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.22 |
| eGFRMDRD | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 0.32 | 0.98 (0.97 to 1.00) | 0.01 |
| Albumin excretion ratio | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.43 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.56 |
| Presence of microalbuminuriac | 2.48 (0.93 to 6.66) | 0.07 | 0.73 (0.33 to 1.61) | 0.43 |
| Cardiac autonomic neuropathy | ||||
| MCR<20 | 4.09 (1.65 to 10.12) | 0.002 | 2.76 (1.44 to 5.30) | 0.002 |
Odds ratios and hazard ratios are expressed per unit for each baseline clinical characteristic. Twenty-two of the 370 participants (6%) were excluded from the multivariable analyses because of missing baseline BP or triglyceride data. Individual heart rate variability parameters were excluded because of their high multicollinearity with the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; eGFRMDRD, eGFR assessed by four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation; MCR, mean circular resultant.
The adjusted logistic model included the forced variables female sex, diabetes duration, systolic BP, eGFRMDRD, and MCR <20, as well as the other significant variable from the unadjusted analysis (diastolic BP, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, albumin excretion ratio, new-onset or prevalent albuminuria status).
The adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model included the same variables used in the adjusted logistic model.
Compared with prevalent long-standing normoalbuminuria. Presence of microalbuminuria defined as prevalent or new-onset microalbuminuria.