Fig. 4.

Effects of VEGF on hypoglycemia-induced paracellular permeability and TJ proteins. (a) Effect of VEGF (100 ng/ml) on cell permeability of cells exposed to 0.5 and 5.5 mM glucose for 24 h. (b) Effects of VEGF on TJ protein levels during hypoglycemia for 24 h in bEnd.3 cells. Representative TJ Western blots are shown following treatment with 0.5 or 5.5 mM glucose for 24 h with the presence of 100 ng/ml VEGF. Summary plots of claudin-5 (c), occludin (d), and ZO-1 (e) are shown following densitometric analysis of the corresponding protein blots. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. N = 3. ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01