Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of subjects in groups defined by serum GGT and ferritin levels.
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | |||
| N | 171 (29.1%) | 228 (38.8%) | 189 (32.1%) |
| Age | 37.1, 11.6 | 44.8, 13.8∗∗ | 50.6, 11.8∗∗,‡ |
| GGT (U/L) | 12.0 (10.0, 14.0) | 18.0 (12.0, 28.0)∗∗ | 31.0 (20.0, 54.0)∗∗,† |
| Ferritin (µmol/L) | 22.0 (15.6, 42.1) | 63.4 (33.2, 112.9)∗∗ | 119.4 (109.8, 224.5)∗∗,‡ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9, 2.6 | 22.0, 3.6∗∗ | 24.4, 3.9∗∗,‡ |
| WC (cm) | 74.2, 7.3 | 77.3, 9.4∗∗ | 84.4, 10.3∗∗,‡ |
| SP (mmHg) | 105.9, 12.5 | 111.2, 17.9∗ | 118.4, 20.7∗∗,† |
| DP (mmHg) | 72.4, 10.3 | 76.2, 12.6∗ | 79.8, 13.4∗∗,† |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.1, 0.6 | 1.6, 1.2∗ | 2.1, 1.7∗∗,† |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2, 0.3 | 1.2, 0.4 | 1.3, 0.4 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.9, 0.7 | 4.2, 0.9∗∗ | 4.6, 1.1∗∗ |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.3, 0.5 | 2.5, 0.7∗ | 2.7, 0.7∗∗,† |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.7, 0.6 | 5.0, 1.2∗ | 5.1, 1.1∗∗ |
| 2 h PG (mmol/L) | 5.5, 1.5 | 6.4, 2.6∗∗ | 7.8, 3.4∗∗,† |
| HOMA-IR | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.0)∗ | 1.6 (1.1, 2.5)∗∗,‡ |
| Place (rural, %) | 85 (49.7%) | 130 (57.0%) | 100 (52.9%) |
| UA (mmol/L) | 270.3, 57.1 | 288.6, 69.9∗ | 315.4, 84.6∗∗,† |
| UACR (mg/mmol) | 8.7 (3.3, 15.0) | 11.6 (5.6, 22.3) | 15.0 (6.4, 28.2)∗ |
| AST (U/L) | 27.5, 8.4 | 32.2, 11.6∗ | 38.3, 21.3∗∗,‡ |
| ALT (U/L) | 27.1, 12.2 | 35.0, 18.8∗∗ | 49.3, 37.3∗∗,‡ |
| Education (N, %) | 36 (21.1%) | 31 (13.6%) | 17 (9.0%)∗ |
| Income (N, %) | 66 (38.6%) | 76 (33.3%) | 60 (31.7%) |
| Activity (N, %) | 40 (23.4%) | 76 (33.3%)∗ | 69 (36.5%)∗ |
| Heavy smoking (N) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Heavy drinking (N, %) | 13 (7.6%) | 14 (6.1%) | 19 (10.1%) |
| HBsAg (N, %) | 23 (13.5%) | 25 (11.0%) | 17 (9.0%) |
| Anti-HCV (N, %) | 4 (2.3%) | 4 (1.8%) | 4 (2.1%) |
| Male | |||
| N | 139 (31.9%) | 156 (35.8%) | 141 (32.3%) |
| Age | 43.0, 16.3 | 46.1, 14.5 | 46.3, 13.0 |
| GGT (U/L) | 17.0 (13.0, 23.0) | 29.0 (22.0, 37.0)∗∗ | 67.0 (43.0, 126.0)∗∗,‡ |
| Ferritin (µmol/L) | 107.1 (74.0, 145.8) | 188.9 (135.9, 239.1)∗∗ | 287.7 (230.5, 353.4)∗∗,‡ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.2, 2.2 | 22.1, 3.0∗∗ | 24.2, 3.6∗∗,‡ |
| WC (cm) | 74.0, 7.0 | 80.2, 9.4∗∗ | 88.0, 10.9∗∗,‡ |
| SP (mmHg) | 109.6, 14.2 | 114.5, 15.8∗ | 119.0, 18.0∗∗ |
| DP (mmHg) | 74.2, 10.9 | 77.3, 10.2∗ | 81.8, 12.2∗∗,† |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.2, 0.7 | 1.4, 1.0∗ | 2.5, 2.8∗∗,‡ |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.1, 0.3 | 1.2, 0.3∗ | 1.2, 0.3∗∗ |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.8, 0.7 | 4.2, 0.8∗∗ | 4.7, 1.0∗∗,‡ |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.3, 0.6 | 2.5, 0.6∗ | 2.8, 0.7∗∗,‡ |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.9, 1.1 | 5.0, 0.9 | 5.3, 1.6∗ |
| 2 h PG (mmol/L) | 5.7, 2.5 | 5.9, 2.7 | 7.1, 3.4∗∗,† |
| HOMA-IR | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.1)† |
| Place (rural, %) | 90 (64.7%) | 102 (65.4%) | 91 (64.5%) |
| UA (mmol/L) | 355.4, 82.5 | 353.8, 83.3 | 412.4, 91.3∗∗,‡ |
| UACR (mg/mmol) | 8.6 (3.1, 18.4) | 9.9 (3.7, 19.0) | 11.2 (4.6, 27.5)∗∗ |
| AST (U/L) | 33.7, 12.9 | 33.9, 16.5 | 50.1, 63.7∗,† |
| ALT (U/L) | 35.8, 18.5 | 40.6, 27.4 | 72.3, 101.8∗∗,† |
| Education (N, %) | 23 (16.5%) | 35 (22.4%) | 28 (19.9%) |
| Income (N, %) | 36 (25.9%) | 61 (39.1%)∗ | 63 (44.7%)∗ |
| Activity (N, %) | 41 (29.5%) | 48 (30.8%) | 53 (37.6%) |
| Heavy smoking (N, %) | 5 (3.6%) | 10 (6.4%) | 10 (7.1%) |
| Heavy drinking (N, %) | 60 (43.2%) | 81 (51.9%) | 81 (57.4%) |
| HBsAg (N, %) | 21 (15.1%) | 23 (14.7%) | 15 (10.6%) |
| Anti-HCV (N, %) | 6 (4.3%) | 8 (5.1%) | 9 (6.4%) |
Data of age, BMI, WC, SP, DP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, FPG, 2 h PG, UA, AST, and ALT are mean, standard deviation; data of GGT, ferritin, HOMA-IR, and UACR are median, interquartile range; other data are N, %. ∗ p < 0.05 compared with Group 1; ∗∗ p < 0.01 compared with Group 1; † p < 0.05 compared with Group 2; ‡ p < 0.01 compared with Group 2.