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. 2015 Jun 24;95(3):853–951. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2014

FIGURE 32.

FIGURE 32.

Scheme of adaptive reward processing. A: adaptation to expected value (r1, r2): shift of reference point changes utility gain to loss for identical objective values. B: adaptation to variance (v1, v2): slope adaptation to variance results in larger utility for lower objective value. [Value function from Kahneman and Tversky (258), copyright Econometric Society.]