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. 2015 Jul 6;9:86. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00086

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Copyright © 2015 Zhao, Yang, Wang, Roppolo, de Groat and Tai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The changes in membrane potential, ionic currents, and activation/inactivation of ion channels near the block electrode when conduction block is induced by a 120 kHz non-symmetric waveform with the negative pulse 1 μs longer than the positive pulse. The legends in (D) indicate the locations along the axon. The location at 30.0 mm is under the block electrode. (A) Change in membrane potential, (B) Na⁺ current, (C) K⁺ current, (D) Na⁺ channel activation, (E) Na⁺ channel inactivation, (F) K⁺ channel activation. Non-symmetric stimulation waveform: 120 kHz, 8.7 mA. Axon diameter: 2 μm. Abscissa: time in ms after the start of blocking stimulation.