Figure 3.

Intracellular calcium and cell survival: Intracellular calcium activates the intermediate proteins in the signalling pathways in neuroblastoma. Figure illustrates calcium regulating three kinases (AKT, ERK and FAK) that are involved in the cell survival signalling in neuroblastoma. The intracellular calcium and PI3K/AKT pathway influences one another forming a loop, while its impact on other two kinases is mainly via the activation of calmodulins and the CaM dependent protein kinase kinase.