Skip to main content
. 2015 Jul 6;5:11951. doi: 10.1038/srep11951

Figure 2. Cell lysis by VG16KRKP.

Figure 2

(A) 1H NMR spectrum of a solution of 1.5 mM VG16KRKP, 10 mM PBS, pH 7.2 in the absence (1) or in the presence of 109 cells after 30 min (2), 3 h (3) or 9 h (4) of co-incubation. Spectral regions characterized by the appearance of new signals are highlited in green. (B) Changes in broadening and intensity of VG16KRKP resonances after cell addition and cell dilution. (1) 1H NMR spectrum of a solution containing 1 mM VG16KRKP, 10 mM PBS, pH 7.2, 64 scans; (2) 1H NMR spectrum of a solution containing 1 mM VG16KRKP and 109 cells, 10 mM PBS, pH 7.2, 64 scans (2× in intensity); (3) 1H NMR spectrum of a solution containing 1 mM VG16KRKP and 3.3×109 cells, 10 mM PBS, pH 7.2, 64 scans (2× in intensity). The last sample was obtained by 1:3 dilution of the sample in 2 with a 1 mM VG16KRKP solution. (C–E) Chemical shift difference of VG16KRKP 1H resonances after cell addition and cell dilution, evidenced by expansions of spectra depicted in panel D. (C) NεH resonace of Trp (spectrum 1, 4× intensity; spectra 2 and 3, 8× intensity); (D) aromatic resonances around 7 ppm (spectrum 1, 2× intensity; spectra 2 and 3, 4× intensity); (E) Hα and aliphatic region (spectrum 1, 1× intensity; spectra 2 and 3, 2× intensity). All spectra were acquired on 600 MHz at 25 °C. (F) SEM images of E. coli in the (i) absence and (ii) presence of 10 μM of VG16KRKP. (G) SEM images of X. oryzae in the (i) absence and (ii) presence of 10 μM of VG16KRKP. All images were taken 45 min post incubation at 25× magnification.