Table 1. Chromosomal location and −log₁₀ (P) for index SNPs showing strongest genome-wide association to pinna traits.

SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism. Trait acronyms (Fig. 1): AS, antitragus size; CHE, crus helix expression; DT, Darwin's tubercle; EP, ear protrusion; FoA, folding of antihelix; HR, helix rolling; LA, lobe attachment; LS, lobe size; SCoAE, superior crus of antihelix expression; TS, tragus size.

Genome-wide significant values (–log₁₀ (P)>7.3) are highlighted in the darkest shade of red. Below this significance threshold, intensity of colour background is proportional to −log10 (P value). Effect sizes for associated alleles are shown in Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 5. Intragenic SNPs are shown in bold. In 1p12, SNP rs17023457 is in an evolutionary conserved binding site for the CART1 transcription factor. GWAS P values were obtained using an additive multivariate regression model as described in Methods.