Table 1.
National clinical trials on targeted therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma1
| Target | Agent | NCT number (phase) |
| EGFR | Erlotinib | NCT00045526 (II), NCT00030498 (I), NCT00397384 (I), NCT00524121 (II), NCT01013831 (I), NCT01561014 (I), NCT01752205 (III) |
| Gefitinib | NCT00093652 (I/II), NCT00258297 (II), NCT00258323 (II), NCT00268346 (II), NCT00290719 (I) | |
| Icotinib | NCT01973725 (II) | |
| Lapatinib | NCT00239200 (II), NCT01666431 (II) | |
| Nimotuzumab | NCT02272699 (II/III), NCT01232374 (II), NCT01336049 (II), NCT01402180 (II/III), NCT01486992 (II), NCT01688700 (II), NCT01993784 (I/II), NCT02011594 (II), NCT02034968 (II), NCT02041819 (II) | |
| Panitumumab | NCT01077999 (II), NCT01262183 (II), NCT01627379 (III) | |
| PF00299804 | NCT01608022 (II) | |
| Cetuximab | NCT02123381 (II), NCT00109850 (II), NCT00165490 (II), NCT00381706 (II), NCT00397384 (I), NCT00397904 (II), NCT00425425 (I/II), NCT00445861 (I/II), NCT00509561 (II/III), NCT00544362 (I/II), NCT00655876 (III), NCT00757549 (0), NCT00815308 (II), NCT01034189 (II), NCT01107639 (III) | |
| IGF1R | Cixutumumab | NCT01142388 (II) |
| PI3K | BKM120 | NCT01626209 (I), NCT01806649 (II) |
| BYL719 | NCT01822613 (I/II) | |
| Rigosertib | NCT01807546 (II) | |
| HDAC | Entinostat | NCT00020579 (I) |
| Vorinostat | NCT00537121 (I), NCT01249443 (I) | |
| HER3 | LJM716 | NCT01598077 (I), NCT01822613 (I/II) |
| VEGFR | Vandetanib | NCT00732745 (I) |
| Sorafenib | NCT00917462 (II) | |
| VEGFA | Bevacizumab | NCT01212822 (II) |
| PD-L1 | MEDI4736 | NCT01938612 (I) |
| Bcl-2 mRNA | Oblimersen | NCT00003103 (I/II) |
| CDK9 | Alvocidib | NCT00006245 (II) |
| CRM1 | Selinexor | NCT02213133 (II) |
| FGFR | AZD4547 | NCT01795768 (II) |
| KIF11 | Litronesib | NCT01059643 (II) |
| TACSTD2 | IMMU-132 | NCT01631552 (I/II) |
1"Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma" was searched at the website (www.clinicaltrials.gov). Targeted therapy has been or is being tried in 62/204 studies. Some of these agents target multiple molecules, for example, lapatinib (EGFR and Erbb2), rigosertib (PI3K and PLK), vandetanib (VEGFR, EGFR, and RET), and sorafenib (VEGFR, PDGFR and RAF).