Table 3.

(a) Hazard ratios of the risk factors associated with death from cause-specific hazard model (HR) based on Cox model, (b) sub-distribution hazard ratio of the risk factors associated with first surgical complication, and (c) medical complication based on Fine and Gray’s (sub-distribution hazard, sub-HR) model from competing risk analysis

	(a) mortality			(b) surgical complication			(c) medical complication
	HR	95 % CI	p-value	Sub-HR	95 % CI	p-value	Sub-HR	95 % CI	p-value
Hemodialysis: yes/no	2.319	(2.164–2.485)	<0.001	1.148	(1.013–1.301)	0.031	1.353	(1.208–1.516)	<0.001
Age (1 year)	1.033	(1.028–1.038)	<0.001	0.982	(0.973–0.991)	<0.001	1.040	(1.032–1.049)	<0.001
Gender: male/female	1.279	(1.195–1.369)	<0.001	0.891	(0.782–1.015)	0.082	1.326	(1.186–1.484)	<0.001
Fracture type: trochanteric/cervical	1.235	(1.106–1.380)	<0.001	0.629	(0.517–0.764)	<0.001	1.262	(1.040–1.533)	0.018
Operation type: hemiarthroplasty/fixation	1.182	(1.058–1.319)	0.003	0.827	(0.686–0.996)	0.046	1.219	(1.003–1.480)	0.046
Hypertension: yes/no	0.918	(0.846–0.995)	0.038	0.812	(0.701–0.943)	0.006	0.837	(0.73–0.959)	0.011
Diabetes mellitus: yes/no	1.213	(1.129–1.303)	<0.001	0.917	(0.801–1.051)	0.212	1.018	(0.902–1.15)	0.768
Chronic heart diseasea: yes/no	1.253	(1.168–1.343)	<0.001	0.898	(0.785–1.027)	0.115	1.138	(1.013–1.279)	0.031
Chronic pulmonary disease: yes/no	1.077	(0.985–1.178)	0.105	0.995	(0.832–1.19)	0.958	2.774	(2.46–3.128)	<0.001
Cerebrovascular disease: yes/no	1.010	(0.939–1.087)	0.783	1.019	(0.889–1.168)	0.792	1.178	(1.045–1.328)	0.007
Chronic liver disease: yes/no	1.193	(1.067–1.333)	0.002	1.023	(0.829–1.263)	0.831	0.891	(0.734–1.083)	0.248
Cancer: yes/no	1.449	(1.313–1.598)	<0.001	0.877	(0.716–1.073)	0.202	0.986	(0.834–1.166)	0.868

^aChronic heart diseases included myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia