Table 3.
Cross-validation of disruptors in the cancer hallmarks
| Disruptor | Deregulated metabolism (180,204–210) | Evade anti- growth signalling (104,211,212) | Angiogenesis (213–215) | Genetic instability (216,217),(218, 219) | Immune evasion (220) | Resist cell death (208,221–228) | Replicative immortality (229) | Sustained proliferative signaling (224,230–234) | Tissue invasion/metastasis (231,235–238) | Tumor micro- environment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPA (239) | + | + | + | + | ND | +/− | + | + | + | ND |
| PBDEs | + | ND | ND | + | ND | +/− | ND | +/− | ND | ND |
| Vinclozolin | ND | + | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Nonylphenol | ND | + | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Phthalates | + | + | + | + | ND | +/− | ND | + | + | ND |
| Atrazine | +/− | ND | ND | + | + | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Disruptors of TAI were cross-validated for effects in other cancer hallmark pathways. Disruptors that were found to have opposing actions in a particular hallmark were noted as ‘−’ while disruptors that were found to have promoting actions in a particular hallmark were noted ‘+’ effects. In instances where reports on relevant actions in other hallmarks were mixed, +/− was used. Finally, in instances where no literature support was found to document the relevance of a chemical in a particular aspect of cancer’s biology, we documented this as not determined (ND).