Table 1.
DMR-associated genes linked to cardiovascular disease
| Hypermethylation and Hypomethylation in Atherosusceptible Endothelium in vivo | |
|---|---|
| Hypermethylation | |
| Gene Symbol | Gene name |
| AGT | Angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) |
| ASIC1 | Acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 1 |
| BGLAP | Bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein; polyamine-modulated factor 1 |
| CA3 | Carbonic anhydrase III, muscle specific |
| CCM2 | Cerebral cavernous malformation 2 |
| COL28A1 | Collagen, type XXVIII, alpha 1 |
| DICER1 | Dicer 1, ribonuclease type III |
| EGLN3 | egl nine homolog 3 (C. elegans) |
| ERN1 | Endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 |
| HAND2 | Heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 |
| HOXA4 | Homeobox A4 |
| HOXA5# | Homeobox A5 [20] |
| ISL1 | ISL LIM homeobox 1 |
| ITGA5 | Integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide) |
| LCP2 | Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 (SH2 domain containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa) |
| mir-10a | microRNA 10a |
| MMP9 | Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (gelatinase B, 92 kDa gelatinase, 92 kDa type IV collagenase) |
| PITX2 | Paired-like homeodomain 2 |
| SGCB | Sarcoglycan, beta (43 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) |
| SLC25A4 | Solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4 |
| SOD2 | Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial |
| SOX9 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 |
| TBX20 | T-box 20 |
| VSNL1 | Visinin-like 1 |
| Hypomethylation | |
| Gene Symbol | Gene Name |
| ADRA2A | Adrenergic, alpha-2A-, receptor |
| ALS | Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble |
| APLN | Apelin |
| BMP7 | Bone morphogenetic protein 7 |
| CACNA1E | Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit |
| CHRNA2 | Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (neuronal) |
| EPHX2 | Epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic |
| EPO | Erythropoietin |
| FOXO1 | Forkhead box O1 |
| GNAS | GNAS complex locus |
| HOPX | HOP homeobox |
| HOXA3 | Homeobox A3 |
| HTR1B | 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B |
| IGF1R | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| IL4 | Interleukin 4 |
| IL8 | Interleukin 8 |
| IMPDH1 | IMP (inosine monophosphate) dehydrogenase 1 |
| ITGA2B | Integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41) |
| KLF4 | Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut) |
| LIF | Leukemia inhibitory factor (cholinergic differentiation factor) |
| LIMK1 | LIM domain kinase 1 |
| LIMS1 | LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 1 |
| LTB4R | leukotriene B4 receptor |
| mir-199a-1 | microRNA 199a1 |
| mir-214 | microRNA 214 |
| MMP11 | Matrix metallopeptidase 11 (stromelysin 3) |
| NAALADL2 | N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like 2 |
| NGFR | nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16) |
| PDZD2 | PDZ domain containing 2 |
| PLEKHB1 | Pleckstrin homology domain containing, family B (evectins) member 1 |
| PPARD | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta |
| RETN | Resistin |
| RORC | RAR-related orphan receptor C |
| SERPINA5 | Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 5 |
| THBS2 | Thrombospondin 2 |
| TNS3 | Tensin 3 |
| TTR | Transthyretin |
#NOTE: The cardiovascular function of HOXA5 was recently discovered [20] and manually added to this table