Table 4.
Odds ratios (ORs) of energy-dense food intake and Healthy Nutrition Score for Kids and Youth (HuSKY), by parental level of education, occupation and income among boys and girls aged 11–17 years, KiGGS 2003–2006
| Low intake of energy-dense food | High HuSKY | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Modela | Final Modelb | Basic Modela | Final Modelc | |||||
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Boys (n = 3230) | ||||||||
| Parental education | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Secondary | 1.6 | (1.2–2.0)d | 1.3 | (1.0–1.7)d | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) |
| Tertiary | 2.4 | (1.9–3.0)d | 1.8 | (1.4–2.3)d | 1.5 | (1.2–1.9)d | 1.6 | (1.2–2.2)d |
| Parental occupation | ||||||||
| Low | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Middle | 1.8 | (1.5–2.2)d | 1.4 | (1.1–1.7)d | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) |
| High | 2.0 | (1.6–2.4)d | 1.3 | (1.0–1.6) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) |
| Household income | ||||||||
| low | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| middle | 1.5 | (1.2–1.8)d | 1.3 | (1.1–1.7)d | 1.3 | (1.1–1.5)d | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) |
| high | 1.9 | (1.6–2.3)d | 1.4 | (1.1–1.7)d | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.0) |
| Girls (n = 3129) | ||||||||
| Parental education | ||||||||
| Primary | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Secondary | 1.3 | (1.1–1.6)d | 1.2 | (0.9–1.5) | 0.9 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) |
| Tertiary | 2.1 | (1.6–2.7)d | 1.6 | (1.2–2.2)d | 1.6 | (1.3–2.1)d | 1.5 | (1.1–1.9)d |
| Parental occupation | ||||||||
| Low | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Middle | 1.5 | (1.2–1.9)d | 1.3 | (1.0–1.7)d | 1.3 | (1.0–1.6) | 1.3 | (1.0–1.6) |
| High | 1.9 | (1.5–2.3)d | 1.3 | (1.0–1.8)d | 1.5 | (1.2–1.8)d | 1.2 | (0.9–1.7) |
| Household income | ||||||||
| Low | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Middle | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) |
| High | 1.6 | (1.3–1.9)d | 1.1 | (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) |
aModel adjusted for age groups and region strata East–west Germany (separate models for education, occupation and income)
bAdjusted as the Basic Model and also for media use, total energy expenditure, familial leisure activity, BMI-for-age and perceived weight status (education, occupation and income in combined model)
cAdjusted as the Basic Model and also for leisure time physical activity, media use, total energy expenditure, BMI-for-age and perceived weight status (education, occupation and income in combined model)
dSignificant on a 95 % level of confidence