Table 3.
Means of completed years of education by selected variables, adolescents ages 12–18: Brazil, 1977 to 2007
| Variable | Brazil
|
North and Northeast
|
South and Southeast
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-born in Families 2+ | First- and Second-born in Families 3+ | First-born in Families 2+ | First- and Second-born in Families 3+ | First-born in Families 2+ | First- and Second-born in Families 3+ | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 4.88 (2.61) | 4.35 (2.57) | 4.10 (2.73) | 3.62 (2.64) | 5.42 (2.39) | 4.93 (2.37) |
| Female | 5.36 (2.58) | 4.84 (2.55) | 4.73 (2.71) | 4.26 (2.65) | 5.78 (2.40) | 5.29 (2.38) |
| Mother’s Education | ||||||
| 0 | 2.95 (2.39) | 2.76 (2.29) | 2.43 (2.34) | 2.25 (2.23) | 3.65 (2.30) | 3.44 (2.18) |
| 1–4 | 5.02 (2.40) | 4.67 (2.36) | 4.37 (2.48) | 4.07 (2.42) | 5.44 (2.26) | 5.09 (2.23) |
| 5–8 | 6.21 (2.24) | 5.95 (2.25) | 5.74 (2.30) | 5.56 (2.30) | 6.46 (2.17) | 6.21 (2.17) |
| 9–11 | 6.60 (2.15) | 6.40 (2.18) | 6.34 (2.19) | 6.14 (2.22) | 6.81 (2.08) | 6.67 (2.12) |
| 12+ | 6.94 (2.06) | 6.80 (2.09) | 6.84 (2.13) | 6.65 (2.17) | 6.97 (2.01) | 6.88 (2.03) |
| Father’s Education | ||||||
| 0 | 3.13 (2.44) | 2.89 (2.33) | 2.73 (2.42) | 2.50 (2.32) | 3.76 (2.32) | 3.50 (2.20) |
| 1–4 | 5.07 (2.40) | 4.70 (2.36) | 4.51 (2.50) | 4.17 (2.44) | 5.41 (2.28) | 5.04 (2.23) |
| 5–8 | 6.12 (2.24) | 5.80 (2.27) | 5.74 (2.33) | 5.44 (2.34) | 6.33 (2.17) | 6.05 (2.20) |
| 9–11 | 6.54 (2.19) | 6.29 (2.22) | 6.27 (2.25) | 6.02 (2.27) | 6.72 (2.14) | 6.52 (2.17) |
| 12+ | 6.88 (2.10) | 6.77 (2.09) | 6.80 (2.17) | 6.69 (2.17) | 6.90 (2.05) | 6.80 (2.04) |
| Per Capita Family Incomea | ||||||
| 1st quintile | 3.41 (2.49) | 3.02 (2.36) | 3.12 (2.52) | 2.76 (2.39) | 4.01 (2.30) | 3.66 (2.18) |
| 2nd quintile | 4.13 (2.47) | 3.66 (2.38) | 3.82 (2.59) | 3.38 (2.48) | 4.52 (2.29) | 4.06 (2.20) |
| 3rd quintile | 4.92 (2.42) | 4.40 (2.38) | 4.54 (2.59) | 4.04 (2.53) | 5.20 (2.27) | 4.69 (2.22) |
| 4th quintile | 5.77 (2.35) | 5.25 (2.35) | 5.33 (2.54) | 4.81 (2.54) | 5.97 (2.23) | 5.46 (2.23) |
| 5th quintile | 6.56 (2.26) | 6.22 (2.31) | 6.24 (2.41) | 5.87 (2.47) | 6.69 (2.18) | 6.37 (2.22) |
| Number of Siblings | ||||||
| 1 | 5.90 (2.34) | – | 5.41 (2.50) | – | 6.15 (2.22) | – |
| 2 | 5.57 (2.45) | 5.46 (2.38) | 5.07 (2.60) | 5.00 (2.53) | 5.86 (2.32) | 5.73 (2.25) |
| 3 | 4.84 (2.54) | 4.79 (2.46) | 4.28 (2.64) | 4.25 (2.56) | 5.27 (2.38) | 5.17 (2.31) |
| 4 | 4.08 (2.55) | 4.07 (2.48) | 3.53 (2.61) | 3.54 (2.55) | 4.61 (2.37) | 4.53 (2.31) |
| 5+ | 3.30 (2.46) | 3.22 (2.41) | 2.90 (2.50) | 2.80 (2.43) | 3.88 (2.27) | 3.81 (2.23) |
| Twins in the Family | ||||||
| No | 5.11 (2.61) | 4.59 (2.58) | 4.59 (2.58) | 4.59 (2.58) | 4.59 (2.58) | 4.59 (2.58) |
| Yes | 4.60 (2.62) | 4.33 (2.59) | 4.33 (2.59) | 4.33 (2.59) | 4.33 (2.59) | 4.33 (2.59) |
| Twins at Second Birth | ||||||
| No | 5.10 (2.61) | 4.58 (2.58) | 4.39 (2.74) | 3.92 (2.66) | 5.59 (2.40) | 5.10 (2.38) |
| Yes | 5.29 (2.51) | 5.26 (2.52) | 4.65 (2.70) | 4.61 (2.71) | 5.67 (2.28) | 5.64 (2.30) |
| Twins at Third Birth | ||||||
| No | 5.10 (2.61) | 4.58 (2.58) | 4.39 (2.74) | 3.92 (2.66) | 5.59 (2.40) | 5.10 (2.38) |
| Yes | 4.95 (2.56) | 4.79 (2.48) | 4.42 (2.62) | 4.21 (2.55) | 5.42 (2.39) | 5.25 (2.33) |
| Urban | ||||||
| No | 3.65 (2.58) | 3.24 (2.43) | 2.83 (2.52) | 2.54 (2.38) | 4.47 (2.38) | 4.03 (2.24) |
| Yes | 5.50 (2.47) | 5.04 (2.46) | 4.97 (2.59) | 4.53 (2.55) | 5.84 (2.33) | 5.40 (2.33) |
| Region | ||||||
| North | 5.10 (2.52) | 4.70 (2.47) | – | – | – | – |
| Northwest | 4.16 (2.76) | 3.67 (2.67) | – | – | – | – |
| South | 5.73 (2.36) | 5.21 (2.34) | – | – | – | – |
| Southwest | 5.51 (2.42) | 5.04 (2.40) | – | – | – | – |
| Center-West | 5.31 (2.52) | 4.87 (2.49) | – | – | – | – |
| N | 227,601 | 269,405 | 86,111 | 111,258 | 112,467 | 123,728 |
Note: Standard deviations are in parentheses.
Sources: 1977–2007 PNAD data. IBGE (National Household Sample Survey).
a
In 2001 Reais.